If the US Supreme Court is the first to hear a case, the Court has original jurisdiction.
Generally, the US Supreme Court will hear a case from US District Court on direct or expedited appeal if:The case is of such national or constitutional importance it would clearly be appealed to and accepted by the Supreme Court anyway; orThe case involves legislation in which Congress specified appeals of District Court decisions must go directly to the Supreme Court (bypassing the Circuit Court).
In the Supreme Court, the written decision and legal reasoning for a case is called an Opinion.
No it was not a supreme court case, but a state case because it was held in the local court
When the US Supreme Court agrees to hear a case, it issues a legal order called a "writ of certiorari" telling the lower court to send up the case files.
case files
Centarori
The Supreme Court referred to slaves as property in the infamous Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857.
Centarori
Writ of Certiorari
When the Supreme Court is the first court to hear a case (which is very rare) it is said to have "original jurisdiction." What I think you meant was, when the Supreme Court considers an issue it has not thought about before, it is called "a matter of first impression."
The written explanation for the US Supreme Court's decision is called an opinion.See Related Questions for an expanded explanation.
If the US Supreme Court is the first to hear a case, they are exercising original jurisdiction; if the Court hears a case directly from US District Court under appellate jurisdiction, bypassing the intermediate US Court of Appeals Circuit Court, they are exercising expedited jurisdiction (as well as appellate jurisdiction).