At least 33 states have abolished the tort of criminal conversation--29 by statute and 4 by common law. For example, the tort was abolished in Virginia by statute and in Tennessee by common law, but North Carolina still allows it.
No
No.
Yes
No. In a very few jurisdictions in the U. S. a spouse can bring a lawsuit against a third party who they feel has interfered in their marital relationship. These types of suits are called alienation of affection or criminal conversation. Most jurisdictions have determined they are based on an antiquated concept in law. These lawsuits are not allowed in Minnesota.
No. Virginia Code 8.01-220: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, no civil action shall lie or be maintained in this Commonwealth for alienation of affection, breach of promise to marry, or criminal conversation upon which a cause of action arose or occurred on or after June 28, 1968."
California does not allow alienation of affection lawsuits.
No, the state of Virginia is not completely exempt from lawsuits. While states generally have sovereign immunity, which protects them from being sued without their consent, Virginia has enacted laws that allow for certain types of lawsuits against the state. For example, the Virginia Tort Claims Act permits individuals to sue the state for specific torts under limited circumstances. However, there are still many protections and limitations in place regarding lawsuits against the state.
Federal criminal juries need to reach a unanimous decision, but the courts have ruled that state criminal juries can have less than unanimous. Only two states allow this. Louisiana and Oregon allow 10-2 verdicts.
You can go to jail for any violation of criminal law. Some states also allow jail for civil contempt.
There are a few countries that allow a majority rule by a jury. These countries are, Hong Kong, France, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and Norway.
Double jeopardy applies to criminal cases and prevents a defendant from being tried twice for the same offense. It does not apply to civil lawsuits, so a defendant could potentially be held liable for damages in a civil case even if they were previously acquitted of the same offense in a criminal trial.
The laws on recording are different in the different states. Some will allow the recording if it was made by one of the parties to the conversation. Others allow it if one of the parties has given permission.