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amendment 5

There are actually two Amendments to the U.S. Constitution that refer to the right to due process of law. These are Amendment V, assures due process under Federal law, and Amendment XIV which assure due process to the people under State law.

U.S. Const., Amend. V:

"No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation."

This is known as the Federal Due Process Clause.

U.S. Const., Amend. XIV, Sec. 1:

"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

This is known as the State Due Process Clause.

In general, at U.S. Constitutional law, there are two types of due process to be accorded those subject to the Constitution: (1) substantive due process of law; and, (2) procedural due process.

Substantive due process refers to the content and policy of the law as applied affording due process, where such is the result of government action as opposed to private action, which is not so regulated. Procedural due process refers to fundamental fairness in the application of adjudicative processes, such as criminal procedural law.

The Due Process Clauses are one of the most extensively interpreted and applied areas of U.S. Constitutional law at both the State and Federal levels, by both the Supreme Court of the United States and the State Supreme Courts, which interpret similar law contained in State Constitutions, as well as in Amendments V and XIV.

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