The first 10 amendments to the Constitution -- known as the Bill of Rights.
The equality act 2010
The 5th amendment
"Cruel and unusual", such as branding or maiming.
The United States Constitution protects an individual against punishments which are deemed to be "cruel and unusual." This protection is included in the 8th Amendment to the Constitution and has been interpreted to include prohibition against torture and certain forms of capital punishment.
There is the Human Rights Act - this protects individuals against discrimination for sexuality, gender, age, disability, race, to name a few. We then have more specific discrimination legislation in areas such as employment law
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The ozone layer protects against sun's harmful rays. These are UV rays.
The Sixth Amendment protects the right not to confront your witnesses against you.
The Ninth Amendment protects against unreasonable disturbances. The Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches.
Cruel and unusual. Defining what that means has been a matter of opinion since it was written 230+ years ago.
Ozone layer protects against the UV rays. It is present as the ozone layer in stratosphere.
It depends on the legislation of the country concerned.