At its inception, the Fourteenth Amendment protected the newly emancipated slaves. The earlier Dred Scott decision had held that citizenship was based on state, not federal law. The 14th Amendment changed that. Southern states could no longer keep their laws denying freed slaves their citizenship rights because now those laws were unconstitutional and of no effect..
(newly freed slaves)
WomenWomen
Predominantly, creators.
Individual citizens from the power of the federal government and state government.
Copyright law is designed to ascribe exclusive rights to the creator of a work.
the individuals
The Fourteenth Amendment, originally designed to protect the rights of formerly enslaved individuals, has been extended through judicial interpretations and landmark Supreme Court rulings to safeguard the rights of various marginalized groups. Key decisions, such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954), extended its protections to combat racial segregation, while cases like Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) affirmed marriage equality for same-sex couples. Additionally, the amendment's Equal Protection Clause has been used to address issues of gender discrimination and the rights of immigrants, reflecting its evolving application in response to societal changes. Through these extensions, the amendment has become a broader tool for civil rights and social justice.
The Bill of Rights is protected by the Judicial Branch.
Woodrow Wilson
what our rights are and what can and can't do!
U.s. Citizens
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