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It depends. The public officials charged with (among other things) the final responsibility for legal and judicial matters were the Praetors, elected for a one-year period. They sometimes officiated as judges themselves - in cases 'worthy of their attention'- but in most cases they appointed others as judges. In civic disputes the Praetor rarely figured; there the parties together chose a judge they could agree on - a bit like in today's mediation.

Anyone could act as judge who was a free-born Roman citizen who had put his name on a list of people available and willing to do the job. No legal training was required. A judge could call on a outside lawyer for expert advice, but was not bound by his opinion. These judges could be appointed or chosen as long as they were willing and able, and on the list, so they had no fixed term of office.

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