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I'm hoping that smarter people will tweak or re-write this. The subjunctive mood is all but dead in English; it will be entirely gone within another generation or two. It indicates that some act is uncertain, contingent or possible.

John arrives every Wednesday at 3 o'clock for the meeting. [indicative]

Were he to arrive at 1 o'clock we could have lunch before the meeting. [subjunctive]

Other very common uses of the subjunctive are comments like God bless you, Peace be with you, and The Lord be with you. God bless you sounds strange to some people because they naturally expect the line to be God blesses you. But in the indicitive mood, it sounds something like a command to the deity, and the subjunctive indicates a profound respect for the deity's right to bless whom he/she will. A common prayer of a major religion contains the line The Lord is with you. This should make clear the difference between subjunctive and indicative. In the prayer the presence of the Lord is given as a simple and given fact. The Lord be with you expresses a wish, or something that is uncertain or contingent, or perhaps again respect for the Lord's prerogative.

The simple answer to the question is no; 'were' cannot be substituted for 'was.' 'Was' is the preterit (simple past) tense of the verb and is used to describe actual conditions in the past. 'Were,' as the subjunctive, is used to treat not-currently-factual conditions in the present. Grammatically, the two are as similar as apples and Oranges, whose main similarity is that they're both treefruit. 'Was' and 'were' are are both verbs, but their purposes are mutually exclusive, and one cannot be correctly substituted grammatically for the other.

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