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To learn any language according to current theory the student must be literate in their first language (L1) to learn the second language (L2). This was developed by a researcher named Krashian. He stated that the L1 is used as a foundation for the learning of L2 and the student pairs the L1 to the L2 as they learn. For instance, in English the word bread is brot in German. To learn this the student would know the L1 word in English and then add the L2 to it. With use he/she would drop the L1 and only use the L2 when needed. This works for verbal as well as oral language acquisition.

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