What has caused linguistic and religious differences in Western Europe?

Answer 1

Since Europe is composed of many ethnic groups, most of whom had experienced nationalism for quite some time, many of these ethnic groups obtained their own countries. Most of these national ethnic groups also have their own language (examples are English, Russian, German, Spanish, Polish, Ukrainian, Greek, Slovakian, Serbian, etc.).

As for the religious differences, all European countries are majority Christian (with the exception of Albania and Kosovo, who are majority Muslim [70% and 90% respectfully]). Almost all of Europe used to be Roman Catholic (if not, then they were Orthodox, another branch of Christianity that broke off much earlier). However in the 16th century, some Europeans thought this church was corrupt and wanted to branch off. This is known as the Protestant Reformation. Northern Europe became majority Protestant while Southern Europe remained majority Catholic. Protestantism has also branched off into many separate religions (examples are Anglicanism, Calvinism, Lutheranism, etc.).

Albania has been majority Muslim since Ottoman rule. Albanians have also migrated to Kosovo, in which they make the majority of the population. So this way, they have spread Islam to Kosovo. However, this is not the Islam you probably think of when you hear of Islam. This is a type of Euro-Islam, not a Middle-Eastern Islam. It is more modern and fair to both sexes and is open to more "opportunities" if you will.

Answer 2

Linguistic differences in Western Europe have been shaped by historical factors such as invasions, migrations, and political power struggles. Religious differences stem from the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, which led to the emergence of various Protestant denominations alongside the dominant Roman Catholic Church. Additionally, colonization and globalization have further influenced linguistic and religious diversity in the region.