0
Malinchista is a Mexican epithet to describe traitorous behavior.
Malitzin (or Malinche) was an indigenous woman, who helped the the Spaniard Hernan Cortes in his conquest of Mexico by interpreting for him. Eventually, they became lovers.
In Mexico, calling someone Malinchista, is to say they prefer and give priority to external interests before national ones.
What else can I help you with?
What does malinchista mean?
It means traitor
Some Mexicans view Malinche harshly today a Malinchista is a Mexican who abandons nation culture for what is foreign Is that a fair view of her action?
No. At the time, Mexico was not a nation but a territory where many city-states of both Aztec and Mayan cultures were established. La Malinche was one of twenty slaves given to Cortes by the natives of Tabasco in 1519 and as such, made the deeds ordered by his master. She was an intelligent woman who acted as interpreter, adviser, lover and intermediary for Hernan Cortes and her reputation has been altered over the years according to changing social and political perspectives.
Estupid boby and paco negro?
"La Malinche." Slave, interpreter, secretary, mistress, mother of the first "Mexican." her very name still stirs up controversy. Many Mexicans continue to revile the woman called Doña Marina by the Spaniards and La Malinche by the Aztecs, labeling her a traitor and harlot for her role as the alter-ego of Cortes as he conquered Mexico. They ignore that she saved thousands of Indian lives by enabling Cortes to negotiate rather than slaughter. Her ability to communicate also enabled the Spaniards to introduce Christianity and attempt to end human sacrifice and cannibalism. Herself a convert, baptized Marina, she was an eloquent advocate for her new faith. As for the charges against her, they are in my opinion baseless. So let us visit this remarkable woman and examine the facts. All historians agree that she was the daughter of a noble Aztec family. Upon the death of her father, a chief, her mother remarried and gave birth to a son. Deciding that he rather than Marina, should rule, she turned her young daughter over to some passing traders and thereafter pro- claimed her dead. Eventually, the girl wound up as a slave of the Cacique (the military chief) of Tabasco. By the time Cortes arrived, she had learned the Mayan dialects used in the Yucatan while still understanding Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs and most Non-Mayan Indians. "La Malinche" did not choose to join Cortes. She was offered to him as a slave by the Cacique of Tabasco, along with 19 other young women. She had no voice in the matter. Up till then, Cortes had relied on a Spanish priest, Jeronimo de Aguilar, as his interpreter. Shipwrecked off Cozumel, Aguilar spoke the Mayan language as well as Spanish. But when the expedition left the Mayan-speaking area, Cortes discovered that he could not communicate with the Indians. That night he was advised that one of the women given to him in Tabasco spoke "Mexican." Doña Marina now enters Mexican history. It was she who served as the interpreter at the first meetings between Cortes and the representatives of Moctezuma. At that time Marina spoke no Spanish. She translated what the Aztecs said into the Mayan dialect understood by de Aguilar and he relayed it to Cortes in Spanish. The process was then reversed, Spanish to Mayan and Mayan to Nahuatl. Bernal Diaz, author of "The Conquest of New Spain" authenticated her pedigree. An eyewitness to the events, he did not describe her physically, but related that after the Conquest he attended a reunion of Doña Marina, her mother and the half- brother who had usurped her rightful place. Diaz marveled at her kindness in forgiving them for the injustice she had suffered. The author referred to her only as Marina or Doña Marina. So whence came the name "La Malinche?" Diaz said that because Marina was always with Cortes, he was called "Malinche"--which the author translated to mean "Marina's Captain." Prescott, in the "Conquest of Mexico," (perhaps the best known book on the subject) confirms that Cortes was always addressed as "Malinche" which he translated as Captain and defined "La Malinche" as "the captain's woman." Both definitions confirm that the Indians saw Cortes and his spokesperson as a single unit. They recognized that what they heard were the words of "Malinche," not "La Malinche. " So much for the charge that she was a traitor, instigating the destruction of the Aztec Empire. As for the charge of "harlotry," it is equally flawed. She was totally loyal to Cortes, a one-man woman, who loved her master. Cortes reciprocated her feelings. Time after time he was offered other women but always refused them. Bernal Diaz frequently commented on the nobility of her character and her concern for her fellow "Mexicans." It is very possible that without her, Cortes would have failed. He himself, in a letter preserved in the Spanish archives, said that "After God we owe this conquest of New Spain to Doña Marina. " Doña Marina's progress from interpreter to secretary to mistress, as well as her quick mastery of Spanish, are remarkable--and all this amidst the turmoil of constant warfare, times when a woman less courageous and committed might well have fled. The ability of Marina to help Cortes to communicate with the Indians shaped the entire campaign. From the very first meeting between Cortes and the emissaries of Moctezuma, an effort was made to establish friendly relations with the Aztec Emperor. Later, during Cortes's encounter with the Caciques of Cempola, that same talent opened the door to the Conquest. Here, Cortes met the "Fat Cacique" and by arresting five tax collectors sent by the Aztecs, made his first Indian allies: Cempoalans were the first of the Indian warriors to join him. Yet even then, he tried to persuade Moctezuma to invite him to Tenochtitlan, freeing the captives to carry a message to the Emperor that he had come in peace. Without Marina, attempts to negotiate with the Aztecs would have been impossible. These efforts did much to keep Moctezuma undecided about how to deal with the invaders. This hesitancy played a large part in the outcome of the Conquest. Perhaps the most important negotiations Marina made possible were those with the Tlascalans. After an initial armed clash, an alliance was forged that brought thousands of warriors to fight alongside the Spaniards. As Cortes moved toward the Aztec capital, a pattern evolved. First conflict, then meetings in which Doña Marina played a key role in avoiding more bloodshed. Hence, the picture of Marina that emerges is that of an intelligent, religious, loyal woman. Her contribution to the success of the Conquest is immense, but she cannot be held responsible for it happening. To a very large degree, the Conquest came because of the brutality of the Aztecs: a rebellion by their oppressed neighbors, who would have rallied to anyone who promised them relief from the Aztecs' constant demands for tribute and sacrificial victims. But from another standpoint, the fate of the Aztec Empire was sealed in the very first meetings of the emissaries of Moctezuma with Cortes, when they gave him gifts of gold and silver that Sernal Diaz valued at over 20,000 pesos de oro. Prescott, writing in 1947, valued each peso de oro at $11.67 U.S. Dollars. The Spanish appetite for gold was whetted, making the Conquest inevitable. But had Cortes failed, the next expedition, perhaps without an interpreter, would certainly have shed more Mexican blood. Then too, had Cortes met with no success, the Smallpox epidemic that raged in the Aztec Capital might well have spread throughout the entire empire. By destroying the city, he perhaps saved the country. Bernal Diaz wrote: "When we entered the city every house was full of corpses. The dry land and stockades were piled high with the dead. We also found Mexicans lying in their own excrement, too sick to move." After the Conquest, Cortes, with a wife in Spain, arranged to have Marina married to a Castilian knight, Don Juan Xamarillo. Soon thereafter she disappeared from history. But she had borne Cortes a son, Don Mahin Cortes. While many other Indian women were impregnated by Spaniards, we have no record of their fate. Hence, if modern-day Mexicans are a blend of Spanish and Indian blood, Doña Marina's son was the first "Mexican" whose career we can follow. He rose to high government position and was a "Comendador" of the Order of St. Jago. In 1548, accused of conspiring against the Viceroy, he was tortured and executed. In more recent times, the term "Malinchista" has been used by some to describe those who dislike Mexicans. But Doña Marina deserves better. A fearless, loyal and determined woman, she was a heroine who helped save Mexico from its brutal, blood-thirsty rulers--and in doing so she played a major role in fashioning what is today one of the most dynamic societies in all of Latin America.
What role did church play in Massachusetts?
Section:1Capital-money or property that is used to earn more money.Joint-stock companies-businesses formed by a group of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses.Monopoly-an exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.Caravel-a small,fast spanish or Portuguese ship of the 15th or 17th centuries.Black death-The great epidemic of bubonic plague that killed a large part of the population of Europe in the mid 14th century. It originated in central Asia and China and spread rapidly through Europe, carried by the fleas of black rats, reaching England in 1348 and killing between one third and one half of the population in a matter of months.Commercial revolution-a period of european economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the 16th century until the early 18th century. It was succeeded in the mid-18th century by the industrial revolution Beginning with the crusades, Europeans rediscovered spices, silks, and other commodities rare in Europe. This development created a new desire for trade, and trade expanded in the second half of the middle ages. European nations, through voyages of discovery were looking for new trade routes in the 15th and 16th centuries, which allowed the European powers to build vast, new international trade networks. Nations also sought new sources of wealth. To deal with this new-found wealth, new economic theories and practices were created. Because of competing national interest, nations had the desire for increased world power through their colonial empires. The Commercial Revolution is marked by an increase in general commerce, and in the growth of non-manufacturing pursuits, such as banking, insurance, and investing.Renaisance-the revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th-16th centuries.the culture and style of art and architecture developed during this era.early 16th century and was influential for the next hundred years.section 1 review-a Conquistadore a conqueror one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.Hernan cortes-Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro, 1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca 1485 - December 2, 1547) was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas.Born in Medellín, Spain, to a family of lesser nobility, Cortés chose to pursue a livelihood in the New World. He went to Hispaniola and later to Cuba, where he received an encomienda and, for a short time, became alcalde (magistrate) of the second Spanish town founded on the island. In 1519, he was elected captain of the third expedition to the mainland, an expedition which he partly funded. His enmity with the Governor of Cuba, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, resulted in the recall of the expedition at the last moment, an order which Cortés ignored. Arriving on the continent, Cortés executed a successful strategy of allying with some indigenous peoples against others. He also used a native woman, Doña Marina, as an interpreter; she would later bear Cortés a son. When the Governor of Cuba sent emissaries to arrest Cortés, he fought them and won, using the extra troops as reinforcements. Cortés wrote letters directly to the king asking to be acknowledged for his successes instead of punished for mutiny. After he overthrew the Aztec Empire, Cortés was awarded the title of Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca, while the more prestigious title of Viceroy was given to a high-ranking nobleman, Antonio de Mendoza. Cortés returned to Spain in 1541 where he died peacefully but embittered six years later.Because of the controversial undertakings of Cortés and the scarcity of reliable sources of information about him, it has become difficult to assert anything definitive about his personality and motivations. Early lionizing of the conquistadors did not encourage deep examination of Cortés. Later reconsideration of the conquistadors' character in the context of modern anti-colonial sentiment also did little to expand understanding of Cortés as an individual. As a result of these historical trends, descriptions of Cortés tend to be simplistic, and either damning or idealizing.Moctezuma II-Moctezuma IIMoctezuma (c. 1466 - June 1520), also known by a number of variant spellings including Montezuma, Moteuczoma, Motecuhzoma and referred to in full by early Nahuatl texts as Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin, was the ninth tlatoani or ruler of Tenochtitlan, reigning from 1502 to 1520. The first contact between Indigenous civilizations of Mesoamerica and Europeans took place during his reign, and he was killed during the initial stages of the Spanish conquest of Mexico, when Conquistador Hernán Cortés and his men fought to escape from the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan.During his reign the Aztec Empire reached its maximal size. Through warfare, Moctezuma II expanded the territory as far south as Xoconosco in Chiapas and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and incorporated the Zapotec and Yopi people into the empire.He changed the previous meritocratic system of social hierarchy and widened the divide between pipiltin (nobles) and macehualtin (commoners) by prohibiting commoners from working in the royal palaces.The portrayal of Moctezuma in history has mostly been colored by his role as ruler of a defeated nation, and many sources describe him as weak-willed and indecisive. The biases of some historical sources make it difficult to understand his actions during the Spanish invasion.His many children included Isabel Moctezuma - and son Chimalpopoca and Tlaltecatzin (not to be confused with the previous huey tlatoani).Malintzin-1505 - c. 1529, some sources give 1550-1551), known also as Malintzin, Malinalli or Doña Marina, was a Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who played a role in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, advisor, lover and intermediary for Hernán Cortés. She was one of twenty slaves given to Cortés by the natives of Tabasco in 1519.Later she became a mistress to Cortés and gave birth to his first son, Martín, who is considered one of the first Mestizos (people of mixed European and indigenous American ancestry).The historical figure of Marina has been intermixed with Aztec legends (such as La Llorona, a woman who weeps for lost children). Her reputation has been altered over the years according to changing social and political perspectives, especially after the Mexican Revolution, when she was portrayed in dramas, novels, and paintings as an evil or scheming temptress. In Mexico today, La Malinche remains iconically potent. She is understood in various and often conflicting aspects, as the embodiment of treachery, the quintessential victim, or simply as symbolic mother of the new Mexican people. Her sexual relationship to Cortés gave birth to Martin - arguably a mestizo and criollo, those who eventually resented Spain for not allowing them any ruling position just because they were born in America.The term malinchista refers to a disloyal Mexican.Francisco Pizarro-( c. 1478-1541), Spanish conquistador. He defeated the Inca empire and in 1533 set up a puppet monarchy at Cuzco. He built his own capital at Lima 1535, where he was assassinated.Atahualpa-Atahualpa, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, or Atawallpa (March 20, 1497 - July 26, 1533), was the last Sapa Inca or sovereign emperor of the Tahuantinsuyu, or the Inca Empire, prior to the Spanish conquest of Peru. Atahualpa became emperor upon defeating his older half-brother Huáscar in a civil war sparked by the death of their father, Inca Huayna Capac, from an infectious disease which may have been smallpox.During the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, the Spaniard Francisco Pizarro captured Atahualpa and used him to control the Inca empire. Eventually, the Spanish executed Atahualpa, ending the Inca Empire (although several successors claimed the title of Sapa Inca ("unique Inca") and led a resistance against the invading spaniards).After Atahualpa died, the Incan empire began to fall apart.Juan Ponce de Leon-Juan ( c. 1460-1521), Spanish explorer. He accompanied Columbus on his second voyage to the New World in 1493, became governor of Puerto Rico 1510-12, and landed on the coast of Florida near what became St. Augustine in 1513, claiming the area for Spain.Alvar Nunez-Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (Jerez de la Frontera, ca. 1488/1490 - Valladolid, ca. 1557/1558) was a Spanish explorer of the New World, one of four survivors of the Narváez expedition. He is remembered as a proto-anthropologist for his detailed accounts of the many tribes of Native Americans, first published in 1542 as La Relación (The Report), and later known as Naufragios (Shipwrecks).Hernando De Soto-Hernando (c.1496-1542), Spanish soldier and explorer. After serving as military commander of Nicaragua and of Peru, he landed in Florida in 1539 and explored much of what is now the southeastern U.S., as far west as Oklahoma. He died of a fever on the banks of the Mississippi River.Francisco Vasquez De Coronado-(1510 - 22 September 1554) was a Spanish conquistador, who visited New Mexico and other parts of what are now the southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542. Coronado had hoped to conquer the mythical Seven Cities of Gold.Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo-Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo ca. 1499 - January 3, 1543) was a Portuguese explorer noted for his exploration of the west coast of North America on behalf of Spain. Cabrillo was the first European explorer to navigate the coast of present day California in the United States. He accompanied Francisco de Orozco to subdue the rebellious Mixtec people at what would eventually become the city of Oaxaca, in Mexico. Little is known of what he did there. And no portraits of him exist so no one knows what he looked like.3.ConquistadorePlace explored or people conqueredHernan CortesConquered the Aztec empireMoctezuma IIwas conquered by hernan cortesMalintzinexplored mexicoFrancisco PizarroConquered the Inca empireAtahualpaexplored peruJuan ponce de leonexplored the new world with christopher columbus.Alvar nunez cabeza de vacaexplored the new worldHernando de sotoexplored southeastern u.sFrancisco vasquez de coronadoexplored new mexico and what is now southwestern u.sJuan Rodriguez cabrilloexplored the west coast of north america and was the first European explorer to navigate the coast of present day California in the United States.4.a.They both conquered the empire's they explored on their conquest.b.They were in search of the 7 cities of gold.instead they found new land.5.Viceroy-a ruler exercising authority in a colony on behalf of a sovereign.Converts-cause to change in form.Christopher columbus-Spanish explorer; born in Italy; Italian name Cristoforo Colombo; Spanish name Cristóbal Colón. Columbus persuaded the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, to sponsor an expedition to sail across the Atlantic in search of Asia and to prove that the world was round. In 1492, he set sail with three small ships (the Niña, the Pinta, the Santa Maria) and discovered the New World (in fact, various Caribbean islands). He made three further voyages between 1493 and 1504, landing on the South American mainland in 1498.King Ferdinand-King Ferdinand 2nd of aragon also Ferdinand V of Castile and Leon (1452-1516), Ferdinand the Catholic, King of Aragon, Sicily, and Navarre, first king of united Spain.Queen isabella-Isabella of Hainaut (1170-1190), queen consort of Philip II of FranceIsabella I of Jerusalem (1170-1205), queen regnantIsabella of Angoulême (1188-1246), queen consort of John of EnglandIsabella II of Jerusalem (1212-1228), queen regnant, also known as Yolande; also Holy Roman Empress to Frederick II and his queen consort of Germany and of SicilyIsabella of England (1214-1241), Holy Roman Empress to Frederick II and his queen consort of Germany and of SicilyIsabella, Queen of Armenia (died c. 1252), queen regnantIsabella of Aragon (1247-1271), queen consort of Philip III of FranceIsabella of Ibelin (1241-1324), queen consort of Hugh III of CyprusIsabella of Ibelin (1252-1282), queen consort of Hugh II of CyprusElizabeth of Aragon (1271-1336), queen consort of Denis of PortugalIsabella of France (c. 1295-1358), queen consort of Edward II of EnglandIsabella of Majorca (1337-1406), titular queen consortIsabeau of Bavaria (1369-1435), queen consort of Charles VI of FranceIsabella of Valois (1389-1409), queen consort of Richard II of EnglandIsabella of Portugal, Queen of Castile (1428-1496), queen consort of John II of CastileIsabella I of Castile (1451-1504), queen regnant; also queen consort of Ferdinand II of AragonIsabella, Princess of Asturias (1470-1498), queen consort of Manuel I of PortugalIsabella of Austria (1501-1526), queen consort of Christian II of Denmark, Norway and SwedenIsabella of Portugal (1503-1539), Holy Roman Empress to Charles V and his queen consort of Aragon and CastileIsabella Jagiellon (1519-1559), queen consort of János Szapolyai of HungaryInfanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (1566-1633), co-sovereign of the Habsburg NetherlandsIsabella II of Spain (1830-1904), queen
