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The dugong (Dugong dugon) is the only living species of the family Dugongidae (following the 18th century extinction of Steller's Sea Cow) and together with the three species of manatee forms the aquatic mammalian order Sirenia. While all sirenians are herbivores, manatees use fresh water freely, making the dugong the only strictly-marine herbivorous mammal. It is the only sirenian in its range, which spans the shallow waters of at least 37 countries and territories in the Indo-Pacific; however, the majority of dugongs live in the northern waters of Australia between Shark Bay and Moreton Bay. Its historic range is believed to correspond to that of certain seagrasses, which the dugong is specialized towards. Like all sirenians, the dugong has a fusiform body with paddle-like forelimbs and no dorsal fin or hindlimbs. It is easily distinguished from the manatees by its fluked, dolphin-like tail, but also possesses a unique skull and teeth. The dugong grows two incisors (tusks) which are largest in males, and unlike the manatees, its teeth do not continually grow back via horizontal tooth replacement. The IUCN lists the dugong as a species vulnerable to extinction. The primary causes for population declines are anthropogenic, and include hunting, habitat degradation, and fishing-related fatalities. With its long lifespan and slow rate of reproduction, the dugong is especially vulnerable to these types of exploitation. In addition, dugongs are threatened by storms, parasites, and their natural predators, sharks, Killer Whales, and crocodiles. The name dugong originated from the Malay language duyung meaning lady of the sea or mermaid.

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18y ago

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