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What do you understand by bias in production and operation management?
Bias is a term used to describe a tendency or preference towards a particular perspective, ideology or result, when the tendency interferes with the ability to be impartial, unprejudiced, or objective.[1]. In other words, bias is generally seen as a 'one-sided' perspective. The term biased refers to a person or group who is judged to exhibit bias. It is used to describe an attitude, judgment, or behavior that is influenced by a prejudice. Bias can be unconscious or conscious in awareness. Having a bias is part of a normal development. Labeling someone as biased in some regard implies they need a greater or more flexible perspective in that area, or that they need to consider more deeply the context. In psychology, cognitive bias is bias based on factors related to the brain as an information processor. One type of cognitive bias is confirmation bias, the tendency to interpret new information in such a way that confirms one's prior beliefs, even to the extreme of denial, ignoring information that conflicts with one's prior beliefs. The fundamental attribution error, also known as "correspondence bias", is one example of such bias, in which people tend to explain others' behavior in terms of personality, whereas they tend to explain their own behavior in terms of the situation In statistics, there are several types of bias: Selection bias, where there is an error in choosing the individuals or groups to take part in a scientific study. It includes sampling bias, in which some members of the population are more likely to be included than others. Spectrum bias consists of evaluating the ability of a diagnostic test in a biased group of patients, which leads to an overestimate of the sensitivity and specificity of the test. The bias of an estimator is the difference between an estimator's expectation and the true value of the parameter being estimated. Omitted-variable bias is the bias that appears in estimates of parameters in a regression analysis when the assumed specification is incorrect, in that it omits an independent variable that should be in the model. In statistical hypothesis testing, a test is said to be unbiased when the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis exceeds the significance level when the alternative is true and is less than or equal to the significance level when the null hypothesis is true. Systematic bias or systemic bias are external influences that may affect the accuracy of statistical measurements.
What are the barriers of strategic evaluation control?
1)prmblem in reporting 2)prmblem in strategic report 3)prmblem in timing 4)prmblem of bias 5)organisational prmblem 6)resistance to evaluation 7)prmblem of evaluation techniques
Explain the cycle of bias by lower-level managers and bias-adjustment by upper-level managers that can spiral out of control and result in meaningless budgets?
One of the potential problems in implementing a budget is in creating incentives to lie and cheat. Budgets can be used as performance evaluations, thus creating an incentive to lie. Managers may create budgetary slack or budget padding.This happens when an easily achieved goal (compared to what the goal should be) is created by overstating budgeted costs or understating budgeted revenues (Horngren, Sundem, Stratton, Burgstahler & Schatzberg, 2008). When managers create budgetary slack, it can protect them from budget cuts and unforeseen cost increases or revenue shortfalls. Unfortunately after lower level managers bias revenue and cost budgets, upper level managers attempt to correct the bias. This process can continue to where the lower level management consistently incorporates additional bias to compensate for upper level managements corrections. In turn, upper level management will consistently attempt to correct the bias' (Horngren et al., 2008). The result is a meaningless budget because the numbers are not accurate at all. Thus, the benefits of creating a budget are lost.Horngren, Charles T., Sundem, Gary L., Stratton, William O., Burgstahler, David, & Schatzberg, Jeff. (2008). Introduction to Management Accounting (14th ed.). NewJersey: Pearson-Prentice Hall.
What are types of control in business organization?
· Feedback control · Concurrent control · Feedforward control
What is the major difference between control process and process control?
Difference between control process and process control is that system control process is typically the large scale version of where process control is used.
What is bias in quality control?
In quality control, bias refers to a systematic deviation from the true value or performance of a process or product. This can lead to inaccurate results and affect the overall quality of the output. It is important to identify and eliminate bias in quality control to ensure that the measurements and judgments are reliable and consistent.
How does randomization in an experiment combat response bias?
Response bias cannot be eliminated, but it should cancel out between the treatment and control groups.
Why is it important to match case subjects and control subjects so closely in a case control study?
so that there is no bias
What does control bias means in Psychology?
Control bias in psychology refers to the influence of a third variable that was not accounted for in a research study, leading to a misinterpretation of results. This bias can occur when an uncontrolled variable affects both the independent and dependent variables, creating a false perception of causality. Researchers must take measures to control for possible biases to ensure the validity and reliability of their findings.
The primary control on drain current in a JFET is exerted by?
Gate reverse bias
Randomization in an experiment reduces bias between the treatment and control groups?
True
Why do scientist do their test more than once?
Quality control and proof of accuracy, to weed out contaminants or bias.
The goal of using replication control randomization and blindness in experimental design is to compeletey eliminate bias from an experiment?
False
Why do Scientists do their experimental tests more than once?
Quality control and proof of accuracy, to weed out contaminants or bias.
What is the goal of using replication control randomization and blindness in experimental design is to control bias from an experiment?
The goal of using replication, control, randomization, and blindness in experimental design is to minimize bias and enhance the validity of the results. Replication ensures that findings are consistent and reproducible, while control groups help isolate the effect of the treatment. Randomization reduces selection bias by randomly assigning subjects to different groups, and blindness (single or double) prevents expectations from influencing outcomes. Together, these methods create a more reliable framework for drawing conclusions from the data.
How do you use experimental variable in a sentence?
Scientists try to control for experimental bias.An experimental bias often goes unrecognized if the student does not carefully consider sources of potential biases.A desire for a specific outcome is an experimental bias.
Why is wikianswers so biased?
The answers are what people give, there is no control over the answers people give and therefore no bias is possible. However some answers could be wrong!. If you perceive the answers to be biased then the bias is what you bring to your observation.
