Yes
Nope.
The comma would come after it.
,Always.
Example: It was hot, humid, and raining. In the example above, the comma after "humid" is unnecessary but acceptable. The use of the comma before 'and' is called the 'serial comma' or the 'Oxford comma', it's optional. Many people use the serial comma for clarity. The other use of a comma is to break up a long sentence, and signifies a slight pause. Example: He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and ran to first base.
When which is used to introduce a nonrestrictive adjectivial clause it must it must follow a comma. But there are numerous examples where which does not need to follow a comma. Including: Which melon do you want? I can't tell which melon to buy.
Yes, you would typically use a semicolon before the word "including" and a comma after it when listing items in a sentence to maintain clarity and proper punctuation. For example: "The ingredients for the cake include flour, sugar, and butter; including vanilla extract for added flavor."
It depends. Simply put, if:- the "including" modifies the word before it, then "No comma" (E.g., "Books including the new drawings in them... .")- the "including" lists parts/examples of the word before it, then "Yes, add a comma" (E.g., "Books, including booklets, dictionaries, directories, atlases, ... .")
Yes
before
No, a comma is not necessary.
no
You would use a comma before it. Xerox, Inc.
Nope.
if the main or most important part is before the main parts you use a comma, but if it is after then no comma
Yes, you can put a comma before except. Example of a comma before except in a sentence- She can do it, except that the mountain is too steep
no