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The original rules governing the ancient Roman numeral system were modified during the Middle Ages presumably to make it more compatible with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system that was gradually being introduced into Western Europe at the time.

Yet there still exist historical evidence to show that the ancent Romans would have enumerated the equivalent of 1 to a 1000 as follows:-

Units: I II III IIII V VI VII VIII and VIIII

Tens: X XX XXX XXXX L LX LXX LXXX and LXXXX

Hundreds: C CC CCC CCCC D DC DCC DCCC and DCCCC

Thousand: M

To convert any Hindu-Arabic numerals into Roman numerals simply write them out in descending order as in the following examples:-

19 = XVIIII which can be abridged to IXX (20-1)

99 = LXXXXVIIII which can be abridged to IC (100-1)

999 = DCCCCLXXXXVIIII which can be abridged to IM (1000-1)

Note that under todays rules governing the Roman numeral system the equivalent of 19, 99 and 999 are expressed as XIX, XCIX and CMXCIX respectively.

QED

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