Polyrhythm is a musical concept where two or more contrasting rhythms are played simultaneously. It often involves different time signatures or rhythmic patterns that overlap, creating a complex and interwoven texture. This technique is commonly found in various musical traditions, including African, Indian, and Jazz Music, enhancing the rhythmic diversity and complexity of a piece. Polyrhythm challenges the listener's perception of time and rhythm, making it a fascinating element in composition and performance.