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Hebrews Israelites and Jews are all the same group of people.

In traditional usage:

  1. Hebrew (עברי) referred only to the ancient Hebrew people prior to the lifetime of Jacob or to the language of Israel.
  2. Israelite (בני ישראל) Referred only to the Hebrews from the time of Jacob until the time of the destruction of the Holy Temple in 586 BCE
  3. Jew (יהודי) referred only to the Hebrews of the tribe of Judah, who returned to Israel after the Babylonian captivity, given that most of the tribes had assimilated into Babylonian culture. Some people even call these early Jews "Judeans."


In Modern Usage:

All three have been used interchangeably. Referring to Jews as Hebrews was particularly common in Europe up until World War II. In Jewish prayers, Jews are called Yisra'el (which could be translated as Israelite). Abraham is called the first Jew even though he was not from the Tribe of Judah (which hadn't formed yet), because "Jew now means "one who follows Judaism."

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