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Throughout history, time has been measured by the movement of the earth in relation to the sun and stars. The earliest timekeeper dating from as far back as 3500 BC was the shadow clock, or gnomon, a vertical obelisk that cast a shadow. Devices almost as old as the shadow clock and sundial include the hourglass (in which the flow of sand is used to measure time intervals) and the water clock or clepsydra, in which the flow of water indicates passage of time.

All time-pieces require a source of power and a means of transmitting and controlling it. In today's clocks the source of power may be produced by weights, a coiled spring or an electric current. The huge planetary clock-type models, driven by water that originated during the 13th century and discovered in China, the Middle East and North America are considered to be the forerunners of today's mechanical clocks. Eventually a weight falling under the force of gravity was substituted for the flow of water. Although the exact origin of this mechanical device remains a mystery to this day, the first recorded examples date from the 14th century. An original medieval clock dating from 1386 has been fully restored and can be seen at Salisbury Cathedral in England. These clocks were not very accurate and would loose up to 15 minutes a day!

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13y ago

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