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What is eccentricity in steam turbine shaft?
Eccentricity is the deflection in the shaft away from truly straight. The turbine shaft when not turning will settle into a bowed shape (measured in thousandths of an inch), this is the deflection from straight. Large turbines are placed on turning gears as they are cooled or warmed up to minimize this deflection. As a turbine is started this eccentricity produces vibration as the deflection changes rotational position, if the turbine is started up too quickly this deflection will increase as a result of inertia trying to deflect the weight of the deflected shaft outward. Eventually the deflection, as a result of rolling the turbine up slowly, will straighten to the true center of the turbine shaft.
What is turbine overspeed trip?
Typically two balls with springs holding them down, When the turbine spins too fast, the centrifugal force pushes the balls past the resistance of the springs at which point they hit a lever that stops steam/compressed gas flow to the turbine and the turbine shuts down. They are designed to keep the turbine from going so fast that it damages itself or the piece of equipment it is driving.
Can you tell how emergency stop valve of turbine operates?
Unless it is an electronic governor on the turbine, there is a mechanical overspeed trip device which closes the trip valve (or trip throttle valve [TTV] on small turbines). This device is a spring loaded weighted pin set into the turbine shaft. At a particular set speed (110% of maximum operating speed, typically) the pin overcomes the force of the spring, flying part way out of the shaft and striking the trip mechanism linkage. This linkage up to that point was holding the trip valve open, now with the release of the linkage the spring on the trip valve instantly closes the valve stopping all flow of steam to the turbine. On electronic governors, when the set point on the turbine speed is reached it opens a solenoid valve (which requires a manual reset) which dumps all hydraulic pressure from the trip valve, allowing it to close.
How does A bootstrap air cycle machine in an aircraft work?
The air cycle machine (ACM) is driven by turbine engine bleed air that first passes through a primary heat exhanger (much like an intercooler for a turbocharged automotive engine) that significantly lowers the temperature of the 300-500 degree bleed air. After leaving the primary heat exchanger the air flows into a compression turbine that increases the pressure of the air and also increases the temperature. After leaving the compression turbine, the air flows into a secondary heat exchanger that once again lowers the temperature of the air. At this point, the air is at extremely high pressure and relatively low temperature. From the secondary heat exchanger the air flows into the "expansion turbine" where this high pressure air is used to drive a turbine wheel that performs several functions: 1. It extracts energy from the high pressure air, 2. Allows the pressurized air to expand, 3. Drives the compression turbine. The extraction of energy from the air and subsequent expansion of the gases drastically lower the temperatures of the air. In fact, the air temperature is lowered so much that often times hot bleed air is bypassed around the ACM and ducted to the air coming out of the expansion turbine to raise the temperature above freezing. The output air that is coming out of the ACM is then sent through a moisture removal system that essentially uses a fine mesh weave to collect small droplets of water. This removal of moisture helps to control the humidity of the air entering the cabin and it also prevents icing downstream in the system.
What are the 5 kinds of lubrication systems and state clearly their application and how they function?
SPLASH The splash system is no longer used in automotive engines. It is widely used in small four-cycle engines for lawn mowers, outboard marine operation, and so on. In the splash lubricating system, oil is splashed up from the oil pan or oil trays in the lower part of the crankcase. The oil is thrown upward as droplets or fine mist and provides adequate lubrication to valve mechanisms, piston pins, cylinder walls, and piston rings. In the engine, dippers on the connecting-rod bearing caps enter the oil pan with each crankshaft revolution to produce the oil splash. A passage is drilled in each connecting rod from the dipper to the bearing to ensure lubrication. This system is too uncertain for automotive applications. One reason is that the level of oil in the crankcase will vary greatly the amount of lubrication received by the engine. A high level results in excess lubrication and oil consumption and a slightly low level results in inadequate lubrication and failure of the engine. A splash lubrication system is provided for motor vehicle transmissions and comprises an oil sump in the bottom portion of a case. The case accommodates a transmission shaft provided with gears which are immersed in the oil at least partly when the said oil sump is filled completely. In order to prevent the synchronizing mechanism from being blocked by cold and, consequently, very viscous oil in the presence of extremely low operating conditions--a condition which could lead to unsynchronized faulty gear shifting operations and, thus, damage to the transmission, the oil sump is connected with a cavity into which oil is drawn from the oil sump under low operating temperature conditions of the transmission. To this end, preferably, an expansion body is arranged in a cavity in the transmission shaft which contracts under cold conditions, and the cavity is connected. Combination Splash and Force Feed In a combination splash and force feed (fig.), oil is delivered to some parts by means of splashing and other parts through oil passages under pressure from the oil pump. The oil from the pump enters the oil galleries. From the oil galleries, it flows to the main bearings and camshaft bearings. The main bearings have oil-feed holes or grooves that feed oil into drilled passages in the crankshaft. The oil flows through these passages to the connecting rod bearings. From there, on some engines, it flows through holes drilled in the connecting rods to the piston-pin bearings. Cylinder walls are lubricated by splashing oil thrown off from the connecting-rod bearings. Some engines use small troughs under each connecting rod that are kept full by small nozzles which deliver oil under pressure from the oil pump. These oil nozzles deliver an increasingly heavy stream as speed increases. At very high speeds these oil streams are powerful enough to strike the dippers directly. This causes a much heavier splash so that adequate lubrication of the pistons and the connecting-rod bearings is provided at higher speeds. If a combination system is used on an overhead valve engine, the upper valve train is lubricated by pressure from the pump. FORCE FEED A somewhat more complete pressurization of lubrication is achieved in the force-feed lubrication system (fig.). Oil is forced by the oil pump from the crankcase to the main bearings and the camshaft bearings. Unlike the combination system the connecting-rod bearings are also fed oil under pressure from the pump. Oil passages are drilled in the crankshaft to lead oil to the connecting-rod bearings. The passages deliver oil from the main bearing journals to the rod bearing journals. In some engines, these opening are holes that line up once for every crankshaft revolution. In other engines, there are annular grooves in the main bearings through which oil can feed constantly into the hole in the crankshaft. The pressurized oil that lubricates the connecting- rod bearings goes on to lubricate the pistons and walls by squirting out through strategically drilled holes. This lubrication system is used in virtually all engines that are equipped with semi floating piston pins. Full Force Feed In a full force-feed lubrication system (fig.), the main bearings, rod bearings, camshaft bearings, and the complete valve mechanism are lubricated by oil under pressure. In addition, the full force-feed lubrication system provides lubrication under pressure to the pistons and the piston pins. This is accomplished by holes drilled the length of the connecting rod, creating an oil passage from the connecting rod bearing to the piston pin bearing. This passage not only feeds the piston pin bearings but also provides lubrication for the pistons and cylinder walls. This system is used in virtually all engines that are equipped with full-floating piston pins. kinds of Lubrication Differing widely in viscosity, specific gravity, vapor pressure, boiling point, and other properties, lubricants also offer a wide range of selection for the increasingly varied needs of modern industry. But whatever their derivation or properties, the purpose of lubricants is to replace dry friction with either thin-film or fluid-film friction, depending on the load, speed, or intermittent action of the moving parts. Thin-film lubrication, in which there is some contact between the moving parts, usually is specified where heavy loads are a factor. In fluid, or thick-film, lubrication a pressure film is formed between moving surfaces and keeps them completely apart. This type of lubrication cannot easily be maintained in high-speed machinery and therefore is used where reciprocating or oscillating conditions are moderate.
Do yaw bearings theeth point outward or inward?
Outward
Do yaw bearings' point outward or inward?
On some yaw bearings the teeth point outwards, while on others they are turned inwards.
Do yaw bearings teeth point outward or inward?
On some yaw bearings the teeth point outwards, while on others they are turned inwards.
Define shell temperature monitoring in turbine?
measurement of how much the turbine's case expands from its fixed point outward as it is heated
What is it called when your eyes point outward?
wall eyed
What is eccentricity in steam turbine shaft?
Eccentricity is the deflection in the shaft away from truly straight. The turbine shaft when not turning will settle into a bowed shape (measured in thousandths of an inch), this is the deflection from straight. Large turbines are placed on turning gears as they are cooled or warmed up to minimize this deflection. As a turbine is started this eccentricity produces vibration as the deflection changes rotational position, if the turbine is started up too quickly this deflection will increase as a result of inertia trying to deflect the weight of the deflected shaft outward. Eventually the deflection, as a result of rolling the turbine up slowly, will straighten to the true center of the turbine shaft.
Where is the starting point in a circle?
the centre as a circle expnds outward
What is the meaning of Arrived at Outward OE?
OE where the point of customs exchange happen.~point of checking..
What is a crack in glass that extends outward is called?
A crack in glass that extends outward is called a radial crack. This type of crack usually starts at a point of impact and radiates outward in a straight line.
Has body parts extend outward from a central point?
radial symmetry
How can angular bearings be used to show directions?
Only if there is a point of reference.
What do you mean by turbine synchronization?
During a typical power plant startup, all components of the power plant are started slowly. The turbine is first rolled at a slow rpm. Then the rpm is increased gradually to a point where it can match the frequency of the grid. At this point, the turbine can be synchronized with the grid and start outputting electricity into the grid.
