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Toughness in mechanical processes refers to a material's ability to absorb energy and deform plastically without fracturing. Examples include the ability of metals, like steel, to withstand impact forces during construction or manufacturing, preventing sudden failures. Additionally, polymers used in applications such as automotive bumpers demonstrate toughness by enduring impacts without shattering. In manufacturing, processes like forging and welding can enhance the toughness of materials by altering their microstructure to improve their energy absorption capabilities.

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