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As N isolated atoms are brought together -- up to the dimension of the lattice constant -- each atom's outer energy level (n=1,2,3,..) and associated angular momentum quantum states (l=0,1,2,3,...,n-1) cannot be degenerate (Pauli's exclusion principle). The energy levels from all N atoms overlap and form quasi-continuous energy bands which eventually merge as interatomic distance decreases. At the the *equilibrium interatomic distance* however this band will split again to form two discrete bands -- the valence and conduction band -- with quantum states in both. At ground state (no carrier excitation) all electrons will occupy the valence band states with all conduction band states empty. Given sufficient energy to surmount the forbidden energy gap (Eg=Ec-Ev) an electron can enter the conduction band (generation).
What else can I help you with?
Why phase diagram is called equilibrium diagram?
A phase diagram of the equilibrium relationship between temperature, pressure, and composition in any system.
What is a statically indeterminate beam?
If you can solve the beam reactions by the equations of equilibrium, then it is statically deterrminate. If not, that is, more unknown reactions than the equations of equilibrium, then it is indeterminate, and you need to know something about its deformation to solve the reactions.
What is transient current?
Transients can be currents or voltages. They occur momentarily and fleetingly in response to a stimulus or change in the equilibrium of a circuit.
Relationship between time and distance?
distance = speed x time For example if you travel 50 miles per hour for two hours, the distance is 100 miles
Determine the units of a caterpillar's speed if you measure the distance the catapillar travels in centimeters and the time it takes to travel this distance in minutes?
determine the units of a caterpillar's speed if you measure the distance the caterpillar travels in centimeters and the time it takes to travels this distance in minute
Prove the interatomic distance in lennard Jones 6-12 potential?
The Lennard-Jones potential is expressed as ( V(r) = 4\epsilon \left[ \left( \frac{\sigma}{r} \right)^{12} - \left( \frac{\sigma}{r} \right)^{6} \right] ), where ( r ) is the interatomic distance, ( \epsilon ) is the depth of the potential well, and ( \sigma ) is the distance at which the potential is zero. To find the equilibrium interatomic distance, we take the derivative of ( V(r) ) with respect to ( r ) and set it to zero: ( \frac{dV}{dr} = 0 ). This leads to the condition ( r = 2^{1/6}\sigma ) for the minimum potential energy, indicating the distance at which atoms experience a balance between attractive and repulsive forces.
What is the interatomic spacing formula used to calculate the distance between atoms in a crystal lattice?
The interatomic spacing formula used to calculate the distance between atoms in a crystal lattice is given by d a / (h2 k2 l2), where d is the interatomic spacing, a is the lattice parameter, and h, k, and l are the Miller indices representing the crystal plane.
What is inter-atomic distance?
Interatomic distance is the distance between the centers of two adjacent atoms in a molecule or crystal structure. It is a key parameter that influences the properties and behavior of materials, such as their strength, stability, and electronic properties. The interatomic distance can vary depending on the types of atoms involved and the chemical bonds between them.
What is the distance from the top of a crest to the equilibrium position?
The distance from the top of a crest to the equilibrium position is known as the amplitude. It represents the maximum displacement of the oscillating object from its equilibrium position.
Is there any interatomic space in solid?
yes every solid substance has its interatomic space IT MAY VARY
Why potential energy is minimum at equilibrium distance?
At equilibrium distance, the forces between atoms or molecules are balanced, resulting in stable and minimum potential energy. Any deviation from this distance would cause a change in potential energy as the forces try to bring the atoms back to equilibrium. This results in a minimum potential energy state at the equilibrium distance.
What is a measure of spacing between atoms?
The measure of spacing between atoms is called interatomic distance. It is the average distance between the nuclei of atoms in a solid material, and it plays a crucial role in determining the material's properties.
What is the distance from the equilibrium point to the crest or trough?
The distance from the equilibrium point to the crest (or trough) of a wave is called the amplitude. It represents the maximum displacement of a point on the wave from the equilibrium position. The larger the amplitude, the more energy the wave carries.
What is the function that describes the force, denoted as f(r), acting on a single atom as a function of the distance r?
The function that describes the force acting on a single atom as a function of the distance r is denoted as f(r) and is known as the interatomic potential energy function.
What is a mass' maximum displacement from it's equilibrium position?
The maximum displacement of a mass from its equilibrium position is known as the amplitude. It represents the maximum distance the mass moves away from the equilibrium point during its oscillation.
Which metal has weak interatomic forces?
Alkli metal (i.e li-lithium,Na-sodium,K-Pottasium)has weak interatomic force of atterection
What is the maximum distance the particles of medium carrying the wave move away from the rest positions?
Any wave oscillates about the equilibrium (rest) position with a maximum distance from equilibrium of A, which is the amplitude. This depends on the type of wave (water on pond, light, that parachute from elementary class...)
