Metal Grain Direction is similar to Wood Grain Direction. It is the direction in which the metal was produced, so when you look at it under a magnifying glass and see lines, that is the direction in which the metal was made in the factory.
The material can be similar however the process defines the grain structure and physical properties of the metal. Forging shapes hot metal by compressive force, casting is performed by pouring molten material into a molded shape and sheet metal is produced by rolling through presses until the desired thickness is achieved. The desired end result determines the process utilized. Extruding is also a process to produce a different result.
He (or she) mills that is turns grain into flour
every direction its all pressurized every direction its all pressurized
It is the direction in line with (parallel to) the axis of the part. If you have a cylindrical shaft, for example, the axial direction runs along the length thru the center of the circular ends.
CD = Cross direction MD = Machine direction
When metal under goes mechanical working (forging) and deformation takes place, the grains in the metal get aligned in the direction of material flow. When you cut and polish the forging in the direction of material flow and macro etch, the surface will reveal fibre like structure. This is known as grain flow.
Grain flow is a typical grain pattern generated during forging of metal. When a piece of metal is cold or hot forged by applying external force or pressure, then metal starts deforming normal to the direction of application of pressure. During the process of permanent deformation, metal grains get deformed & generate what is known as" flow lines ". This is called Grain Flow. It can be seen by chemically etching cross sectional piece of forge metal shown fig below.
Against the Grain, if you bend with the grain it will split the grains
The grain - is the pattern in the wood, showing the direction of the fibres.
never sand wood across the grain always sand with the grain
never sand wood across the grain always sand with the grain
You should determine the tolerance for grain direction, including secondary grain direction if you have a single crystal material. You should evaluate it's effects on your structures harmonics and stress to see which gives you the most favorable results, then see how far you can deviate from that and still have acceptable life.
Most paper has what we call a "grain direction"; it used to be thought that the grain direction was due to paper fibers being aligned in that direction in the paper-making process, but current thinking is that it is more strongly related to what tension the paper was under as it dried. Handmade papers which were dried between felts often do not have a pronounced grain direction. When a paper does have a pronounced grain direction, as most modern machine-made papers do, it will bend or fold more easily with the grain than across it. If you dampen one side of such a paper, it will curl into a tube with the grain. Most commercial papers are sold "grain long" -- that is, the grain runs the long way, from top to bottom on the sheet. (Putting these things together, if you take a sheet of commercial US printer paper and dampen it on one side, it'll curl up with the grain, resulting in an 11-inch-long tube.)
It doesn't, it depends on how fast the metal was cooled.
bread shed
A grain of fabric refers to the direction of the threads in the fabric. Fabrics have three grains: lengthwise grain (parallel to the selvage edge), crosswise grain (perpendicular to the selvage edge), and bias grain (45-degree angle to the lengthwise or crosswise grain). Each grain behaves differently when fabric is cut or manipulated.
In exchange, the Greeks got grain, timber, and metal.