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What is the differences between products made of sheet metal and those made by casting and forging?
Fuzzyzapple
The material can be similar however the process defines the grain structure and physical properties of the metal. Forging shapes hot metal by compressive force, casting is performed by pouring molten material into a molded shape and sheet metal is produced by rolling through presses until the desired thickness is achieved. The desired end result determines the process utilized. Extruding is also a process to produce a different result.
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What are the benefits of normalizing on steel?
After steel is shaped by forging, machining or casting inherent stresses can weaken the article. Normalizing reduces these weaknesses by re-aligning the 'grain' of the steel so that it follows the new shape of the article manufactured. Normalizing steel results in it being strengthened and more ductile. the results in a grain structure of fine pearlite with excess of ferrite or cementite. resulting material is soft : degree of softness depends on the ambient conditions of cooling
How do you calculate tonnage of forging press for the part to be forged?
For steel, the formula is (material thickness) x (inches of cut) x 50,000.
Is cast iron different from iron?
cast iron consists of 2% - 4% of carbon in it. cast iron is pig iron remelted and thereby refined together with definite amount of limestone,steel scrap, and spoiled castings. it consists of small % of sulphur, silicon,phosphorus and manganese wrought iron is highly refined iron with a small amount of slag forged out into fibres. it consists of 99% iron. it is almost the purest form of iron. it is highly ductile,rusts extremely quickly, it cannot be heat treated
What is the mechanical engineering syllabus for isro exam?
Mechanical Syllabus for ISRO Scientist Exam1. ENGINEERING MATHEMATICSLinear Algebra: Algebra of matrices, system of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors.Calculus: Taylor Series, Fourier Series, partial derivatives, total derivatives, definite and improper integrals, multiple integrals.Vector Calculus: Gradient, divergence and curl, line and surface integrals, Green, Gauss and Stokes' theorems.Differential Equations: Linear ODE's, first order non-linear ODE's, initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transform, PDE's-Laplace, wave and diffusion equations.Numerical Methods: Solution of system of linear equations, interpolation, numerical integration, Newton-Raphson method, Runge-Kutta method.Probability & Statistics: Gaussian, Weibul distribution and their properties, method of least squares, regression analysis, analysis of variance.2. APPLIED MECHANICS AND DESIGNEngineering Mechanics: Equivalent force systems, free-body concepts, equations of equilibrium, trusses and frames, virtual work and minimum potential energy. Kinematics and dynamics of particles and rigid bodies, impulse and momentum (linear and angular), energy methods, central force motion.Strength of Materials: Stress and strain, stress-strain relationship and elastic constants, Mohr's circle for plane stress and plane strain, shear force and bending moment diagrams, bending and shear stresses, deflection of beams torsion of circular shafts, thin and thick cylinders, Euler's theory of columns, strain energy methods, thermal stresses.Theory of Machines: Displacement, velocity and acceleration, analysis of plane mechanisms, dynamic analysis of slider-crank mechanism, planar cams and followers, gear tooth profiles, kinematics and design of gears, governors and flywheels, balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses.Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of single degree freedom systems, effect of damping, vibration isolation, resonance, critical speed of rotors.Design of Machine Elements: Design for static and dynamic loading, failure theories, fatigue strength; design of bolted, riveted and welded joints; design of shafts and keys; design of spur gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings; brakes and clutches; belt, ropes and chain drives.3. FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMAL SCIENCESFluid Mechanics: Fluid properties, fluid statics, manometry, buoyancy; Control-volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy, fluid acceleration; Differential equation of continuity and momentum; Bernoulli's equation; Viscous flow of incompressible fluids; Boundary layer, Elementary turbulent flow; Flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends etc.Heat-Transfer: Modes of heat transfer; One dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept, electrical analogy, unsteady heat conduction, fins; Dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer, Various correlations for heat transfer in flow over flat plates and through pipes; Thermal boundary layer; effect of turbulence; Radiative heat transfer, black and grey surfaces, shape factors, network analysis; Heat exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods.Thermodynamics: Zeroth, First and Second laws of thermodynamics; Thermodynamic system and processes; Irreversibility and availability; Behaviour of ideal and real gases, Properties of pure substances, calculation of work and heat in ideal processes; Analysis of thermodynamic cycles related to energy conversion; Carnot, Rankine, Otto, Diesel, Brayton and Vapour compression cycles.Power Plant Engineering: Steam generators; Steam power cycles; Steam turbines; impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams, pressure and velocity compounding; Reheating and reheat factor; Condensers and feed heaters.I.C. Engines: Requirements and suitability of fuels in IC engines, fuel ratings, fuel-air mixture requirements; Normal combustion in SI and CI engines; Engine performance calculations.Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Refrigerant compressors, expansion devices, condensers and evaporators; Properties of moist air, psychrometric chart, basic psychometric processes.Turbomachinery: Components of gas turbines; Compression processes, Centrifugal and Axial flow compressors; Axial flow turbines, elementary theory; Hydraulic turbines; Euler-Turbine equation; Specific speed, Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines; Centrifugal pumps.4. MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERINGEngineering Materials: Structure and properties of engineering materials and their applications, heat treatment.Metal Casting: Casting processes (expendable and non-expendable) -pattern, moulds and cores, Heating and pouring, Solidification and cooling, Gating Design, Design considerations, defects.Forming Processes: Stress-strain diagrams for ductile and brittle material, Plastic deformation and yield criteria, Fundamentals of hot and cold working processes, Bulk metal forming processes (forging, rolling extrusion, drawing), Sheet metal working processes (punching, blanking, bending, deep drawing, coining, spinning, Load estimation using homogeneous deformation methods, Defects). Processing of Powder metals- Atomization, compaction, sintering, secondary and finishing operations. Forming and shaping of Plastics- Extrusion, Injection Molding.Joining Processes: Physics of welding, Fusion and non-fusion welding processes, brazing and soldering, Adhesive bonding, Design considerations in welding, Weld quality defects.Machining and Machine ToolOperations: Mechanics of machining, Single and multi-point cutting tools, Tool geometry and materials, Tool life and wear, cutting fluids, Machinability, Economics of machining, non-traditional machining processes.Metrology and Inspection: Limits, fits and tolerances, linear and angular measurements, comparators, gauge design, interferometry, Form and finish measurement, measurement of screw threads, Alignment and testing methods.Tool Engineering: Principles of work holding, Design of jigs and fixtures. Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD, CAM and their integration tools.Manufacturing Analysis: Part-print analysis, tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly, time and cost analysis.Work-Study: Method study, work measurement time study, work sampling, job evaluation, merit rating.Production Planning and Control: Forecasting models, aggregate production planning, master scheduling, materials requirements planning.Inventory Control: Deterministic and probabilistic models, safety stock inventory control systems.Operations Research: Linear programming, simplex and duplex method, transportation, assignment, network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM.
Is steel a composite material?
Steel is not usually considered a composite, as it is macroscopically homogeneous.However, some steel types, including "classical" iron-carbon steel, can be considered as metal-matrix composites, as they contain a second phase... sometimes.For simple iron-carbon steel, cooling after high-temperature forging or heat treatment will precipitate out iron carbide (cementite, Fe3C) particles and leave a carbon-depleted iron matrix. If cooling is slow, coarse bands of iron / cementite will form, a microstructure called pearlite, which is not very hard.If the cooling speed is increased, the pearlite will become finer (finer bands), until another composite microstructure, with more acicular patterns forms, called bainite. This is also heterogeneous, i.e. a composite of carbon-poor iron and cementite.Going to very fast cooling (quenching) will result in a single-phase (not composite) material called martensite. Here the carbon doesn't have time to "exit the iron", and this martensite phase is very hard, but also normally too brittle. Hence, it is normally re-heated to 200-400°C, a process called "tempering", where again some cementite precipitates out: it becomes a composite again, yielding a somewhat softer, but much tougher material.Alloyed steels (i.e. with other elements than just iron and carbon) strongly vary in behaviour:Normal non-magnetic "austenitic" stainless steels are single-phase, not composites.Tool steels (high carbon + carbide-forming alloying elements) are definitely composites. They form a lot of hard particles, such as chromium carbides, that impart good resistance against wear.Magnetic Fe-Cr stainless steels may be essentially single-phase (very low carbon, better corrosion resistance) or also contain carbides (higher carbon, better strength)So-called "maraging" (martensite aging) steels may achieve both high strength and good corrosion resistance. Here, strength is imparted by an "aging" treatment around 500°C, to precipitate out so-called "intermetallic" particles, making it again a "composite material".These considerations also apply to many other metallic alloys, based on metals such as aluminium, titanium or nickel. In most cases, the strongest variants are engineered to be "microcomposites" or "nanocomposites", i.e. they precipitate out intermetallic particles during heat treatment.The reason behind such engineering is that the particles block dislocations, which are responsible for plastic deformation of metals. For each alloy, there is an optimum heat treatment to achieve the best "blocking ability" for dislocations, and thus the highest strength.
Which is the strongest component die casting or forging or sand casting?
Forging
Is the crane hook casting or forging?
casting
How many types of casting?
Cold forging , hot forging ,dropforging and metalforming
What is the difference between casting and forging?
casting is that in which the metal melts in liquid form by heating and drawn in the mould. after some time it takes a shape of mould. forging is that in which the metal heated (at that point in which it is in a solid form) and took the shape by hammering, punching, pressing etc.
What are examples of manufactoring?
Welding, moulding, forging, extrusion, milling and casting
What is the difference between Foundry and casting?
forging is shaped the metal by press from the hammer or press machine. casting is shaped the metal when the metal become liquidity. forgings have better quality and strengh than castings.
What is a clevis pin?
Clevis Pin is a type of pin made out of steel per "as casting" or "as forging" process.
What are the differences between open die forging and close die forging?
-Open Die Forging is taking hot steel and shaping it with "flat" dies (sometimes angled; sometimes used for making "steel wheels".) Open die forging is mainly used to elongate steel. -Closed Die Forging is taking hot steel and shaping it with impression specific dies such as tie rods, crank shafts, and yokes. -In some cases parts need to be open forged, then closed forged. We are a Chinese drop forging company for various closed die forging parts,check our website dropforging.net and contact us while there is any inquiry!
What is impress-die forging?
Impression forging is die forging. please see the introduction from SK forging Group,If you need more info, you may visit their website on the following. www.forgingmanufacturer.comDie forging is the most widely used forging process in today's forging industry. As a large forging manufacturer in China, SK forging group has the unique advantages on die forging technology. SK Forging has 23 die forging production lines. Die forging is usually divided into open die forging and closed die forging. The size of die forgings of SK is from 50mm to 2000mm, weight is from 0.5Kg-200Kg. What is die forging? Die forging is a forging process that forging metal in plastic deformation under external force and be full of forging mold. Die forging can be divided into open die forging and closed die forging. Compared with the free forging, die forging must need a mold to forge. The mold of forging determines the size, shape and quality of products. Therefore, the mold is a very important part in die forging process. Die forging equipmentsThe equipments commonly used in die forging are die forging hammer, hot forging press, flat forging press, friction forging press and others. Features of die forging:1. Compared with the free forging, die forgings have precision size, less machining and a more reasonable distribution of fibrous tissue. All these advantages may enhance the service life of forging parts.2. Die forging with high productivity, simple operation, easy to implement mechanization and automation.3. However, die forging need much investment in equipments and long production preparation. The quality of die forging parts was restricted by the equipment press. Die forging usually applied to small and medium-sized forgings (usually
How are submachine guns made?
As any other guns, they are made by a variety of processes, including forging, stamping, milling, welding, riveting, casting, and drilling in various combinations.
What is the difference between extrusion and forging?
Type your answer here... Extrusion is the open die punching process whether forging is close die punching process.
What is the purpose of casting and forging number on a cylinder block or head?
this was done during the initial casting of the block and heads. it tells you what car it was on and size of motors and the size of cc the head is. some block casting and not very correct. i have a bbc 396 that has acasting of " hi perf pass truck" there is no such thing. just " hi perf pass", or" truck". head casting a alot more accurate tho. hope this helps.
