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Isambard Kingdom Brunel

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What is the grinding angle of a chisel?

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Why is a steam engine an important machine?

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Who manufactures Master Mechanic brand tools?

My experience is that Master Mechanic is a house brand for True Value hardware stores, similar to the Craftsman brand for Sears. As done by Sears/Craftsman, True Value contracts with assorted tool manufacturers. I purchased a Master Mechanic reversible drill and driver set. That tool set was actually manufactured by Jore Corporation (Ronan, Montana). Jore also produces assorted Stanley drilling tools and Craftsman, etc. Jore's website states: Jore Corporation, founded in 1990, located in the heart of the Rocky Mountains in Ronan, Montana is the leading US manufacturer and provider of innovative, high quality power tool accessories to the retail market and engineered drilling solutions to the industrial marketplace. Three buildings, totaling nearly 300,000 square feet, house a state-of-the-art manufacturing, assembly, packaging, warehouse and distribution facility. Jore's manufacturing processes include drill bit grinding, high-speed machining, injection molding, blow molding, die casting, metal forming and stamping. Jore also has two strategically located sales offices in Chicago and Atlanta. Jore is a privately held company that is owned by Western Mortgage and Realty Company in Pasco, Washington. Jore Corporation is a leader in the design, manufacture and marketing of innovative power tool accessories and hand tools for the do-it-yourself and professional craftsman markets. Jore offers a comprehensive system of proprietary drilling and driving products that save users time through enhanced functionality, productivity and ease of use. Jore manufactures products using advance technologies and equipment designs, intended to achieve competitive advantages in cost, quality and production capacity. Jore retail products are sold under private labels to the industry's largest power tool retailers and manufacturers. Jore products are also sold under the Stanley® brand, to which we have the exclusive licensing agreement for power tool accessories. Jore industrial products are sold under private label and other well-known industrial brands. Jore manufactures and sells products primarily in three categories, including quick-change power tool accessories, hand tools and industrial quality drilling and driving tools. The introduction of the quick-change program changed the way woodworkers used their power drills. Users of this system chuck the quick connector into their drill and can then quickly change between our full line of hex-shank products without having to chuck and re-chuck their drill. Jore also sells a multiple bit screwdriver with bit storage in the handle. This hand tool comes with or without a ratcheting feature. Another Jore hand tool is the Torque-Driver®, a proprietary screwdriver with interchangeable bits and a flip-out handle that provides the user with additional torque.


How governing system of steam turbine is being done?

(pictures insert is not being allowed by wiki. i am sorry)TOPICS OF DISCUSSIONCONCEPT OF GOVERNING SYSTEMFEATURES OF KWU GOVERNING SYSTEMOVERVIEW OF GOVERNING RACKFUNCTIONING OF EHC CIRCUITSFREE GOVERNOR MODE OPERATIONBEST PRACTICES IN GOVERNING SYSTEMEMERGENCIES IN GOVERNING SYSTEMWHAT IS GOVERNING SYSTEM ?n Turbine Governing system is meant for regulation of turbine speed under no load and varying load condition.n It helps in precise control of grid frequency under normal operation and protects the machine as well as grid during emergency situation.KWU GOVERNING SYSTEM-FEATURESn ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC GOVERNING SYSTEM WITH HYDRAULIC BACKUPn OPERATION OF STOP VALVES BY STARTING & LOAD LIMITING DEVICE (HYDRAULIC)n ROLLING, SYNCHRONIZATION & LOAD OPERATION BY HYDRAULIC / ELECTRO- HYDRAULIC SYSTEMn ELECTRO- HYDRAULIC SPEED GOVERNOR WITH HYDRAULIC BACK UPn SAFE SHUTDOWN BY HYDRAULIC / ELECTRO- HYDRAULIC SYSTEMn ELECTRICAL AND HYDRAULIC PROTECTION SYSTEM ALONG WITH TEST FACILITIESFEATURES OF EHCn AUTO ROLLING & SYNCHRONIZATION THROUGH SPEED CONTROLLER UNDER INFLUENCE OF TSEn CONSTANT LOAD OPERATION BY LOAD CONTR. WITH PRESSURE CONTR. AS BACKUPn RUNBACK OPERATION THROUGH PRESSURE CONTR.n EMERGENCY OPERATION THROUGH SPEED CONTR.n AUTO GRID FREQUENCY CONTROL THROUGH EXTERNAL FREQUENCY INFLUENCEn AUTO UNLOADING AT HIGH FREQUENCY THROUGH INTERNAL FREQUENCY INFLUENCEn CONTROL DURING AUTOMATIC TURBINE TESTING,ISOLATED GRID CONDITION & LSR OPERATIONSPEED CONTROLLER CIRCUITL - Raise & Lower command from UCB :nr - Speed Reference :nr limit - Delayed Speed Reference :NLC - No Load Correction (Ensures required Speed controller O/P for Rolling even when Speed reference n r matches n act.)n act - Actual Speed :hr nc - Speed Controller O/P with DROOP of + / - 10.0 V for nr lim ~ n act = 150 RPM ( GAIN = 22LOAD SET POINT GENERATION CIRCUIT1 - SET POINT FOLLOW UP when Automatic Grid Control or CMC In service(Other Raise / Lower commands get blocked)2 -- TSE ENABLING whenA) GCB is closed ANDB) Load controller (L C) not OFF ANDC) Fast calibration signal 6 absent ANDD) I) Load controller (L C) in controlOR ii) Pressure controller with initial pressure in actionOR iii) Turbine follow mode in serviceThis helps to bring manually adjusted gradient and stress effect in service.+/- 10 V gradient => +/- 25 MW / MIN for 200 MW unitsOR +/- 50 MW / MIN for 500 MW units.PRESSURE CONTROLLER CIRCUITEHC TRANSFER CIRCUITFGMO - BACKGROUNDn Unique frequency band of 49.0 Hz to 50.5 Hz, as specified by IEGCn Scheduling & dispatch by RLDCs/SLDCs is based on day ahead demand & availabilityn Frequency control by load-generation balance in every 15 mins time blockn Wide frequency variation during Grid disturbance, Unit outage, change in demand, etc.n No primary response by generators to maintain frequency under such system contingencyn Emergencies caused due to frequency control only through importing /cutting load by system operatornFGMO - GRID CODESn All generating units should have their speed governors in normal operation at all times to enable Grid frequency control by loading / unloadingn Droop characteristic for primary response should be within 3% to 6%n Each unit shall be capable of instantaneously picking up at least 5% extra load for a minimum of 5 mins (up to 105%MCR), during fall in frequencyn No dead bands and/or time delays shall be deliberately introducedn Facilities like load limiters, CMC, etc. shall not be used to suppress the normal governor actionIMPLEMENTATION OF FGMOIn line with clause Clause 1.6 of IEGC and CERC order dated 30-10-99, date of FGMO implementation, as decided by REBs are :-n Western Region - 19-05-03 ( ABT - 01-07-02 )n Southern Region - 01-08-03 ( ABT - 01-01-03 )n Northern Region - 01-10-03 ( ABT - 01-12-02 )n Nor-East Region - 22-12-03 ( ABT - 01-11-03 )n Eastern Region - 02-01-04 ( ABT - 01-04-03 )FGMO CHARACTERISTIC FOR KWU M/CMAJOR ISSUES WITH FGMO IN 2004&Oslash; Wide and frequent variation of freq.&Oslash; Perpetual oscillations in critical parameters due to Boiler response time&Oslash; M/C subjected to cyclic loading and fatigue stresses&Oslash; Frequent HP/LP Bypass valve operation&Oslash; Continuous manual interventions&Oslash; Self-defeating feature(Unloading when freq. improving towards 50 Hz)&Oslash; Conflict with ABT(Offsetting freq. correction)TRANSIENTS IN GOVERNING SYSTEMn FAILURE OF POWER PACKS OF CONTROLLER RACKS IN EHC PANELn POWER SUPPLY FAILURE IN ATRS PANELn SIGNAL ACQUISITION PROBLEMn FAILURE IN TURBINE SYSTEMn ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILUREn COMPONENT FAILURE IN GOVERNING RACKn OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY1 CONTROL RACK SUPPLY FAILUREn M/C is on EHC. Power supply fails in Load control/Pressure control / transfer circuit rack. Starting device becomes off automatically due to EHC fault.Observation: EHC output is minimum/zero and load minimum/ zero with EHC fault alarm. Machine on bar with ESV & IV open (Turbine not tripped).Action: Confirm HP/LP bypass opening, isolate EHC from governing rack and parallely adjust starting device position from UCB. Reduce boiler firing to restrict rise in boiler pressure.2) SUPPLY FAILURE IN ATRS PANEL(ATRS=Automatic Turbine Rolling & Synchronisation)n M/C is on EHC. Power supply fails in CCA panels only.Observation: All indication lamps in ATRS consoles will go off. EHC output and Load will become zero due loss of GCB close feedback. All ATRS drives will become inoperative.Action: Confirm HP/LP bypass opening , isolate EHC. Reduce boiler firing. Adjust starting device position from local. Normalize power supply in CCA panels at the earliest.3) SIGNAL ACQUISITION PROBLEMn Loss of speed signal occurs due to Hall Probe / card failure.Observation: Speed indication will become zero. M/C will be loaded through speed controller. Subsequently Pressure controller will come in service. AOP & JOP will take auto start & Barring Gear valve Will open on auto.Action: Isolate EHC and adjust Starting device position. If pressure oil pressure is normal, make SLC of AOP, JOP and Barring Gear vlv OFF and stop AOP, JOP and close Barring Gear vlv.4)FAILURE IN TURBINE SYSTEMn Loss of speed signal occurs due to breakage of MOP shaft.Observation: Speed indication and pressure oil pressure will come down. M/C will be loaded through speed controller and Pressure controller will come in service. Subsequently, AOP & JOP will take auto start &Barring Gear valve. will open on auto.Action: Safe shutdown of M/C is to be ensured.5) ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILUREn M/C is on EHC with Tracking on. Starting device becomes inoperative due to Electrical module trouble/motor failure/overload.Observation: During increase in boiler firing, Boiler pressure will increase due to load restriction by Starting device. EHC output will go to 100%.Action: Switch off the electrical module of Starting device and increase Starting device position from local so that EHC can take control.6) FAILURE IN GOVRRNING RACKn EHC Plunger coil failuren EHC Pilot valve bearing failureObservation: EHC starts huntingAction: Isolate EHC and take Hydraulic mode in service. Replace the failed omponent. Governing characteristic checking should be done before EHC is put in servicen Speeder Gear spring tension gets altered.Observation: M/C may get unloaded at frequency lower than recommended value.Action: Speeder Gear spring tension may be adjusted to increase the start of unloading.Testing for proper setting should be checked during suitable opportunity.LOGICSA SPEED CONTROLLER LOGICS1 Command for slow rate at nr > 2850 RPM to facilitate easy synchronisation2 TSE Influence ON, when min of all the upper stress margins comes into picture to control gradient of nr lim and hence, acceleration of Rolling speed. Upper stress margin = 30 deg C => 10.0 V => 600 RPM ~ (Acceleration < 108 RPM ~ causes dn / dt tripping)B LOAD SET POINT GENERATION LOGICS1 Stopping of nr lim whena) GCB open ANDb) n act is < nr lim by approx. 45 RPM.This restricts hr nc up to around 30 % during Rolling to avoid wide v/v opening.2 Stopping speed set point control when,a) n act > 2850 RPM ANDb) nr raised ( I.e, nr > nr lim) ANDc) I) TSE ON and faulted in GCB open conditionOR ii) Stop command from SGC in SGC ON condition.3 Tracking in synchronized condition ifa) Frequency within limit (adjustable, say 48.5 to 51.5 Hz.) ANDb) Load controller O/P , hr PC > hr nc ANDc) I) Load controller (L C) in controlOR ii)Pressure controller in action4 Set Point Follow Up (Fast Calibration) duringa) Tracking condition 5 ( nr = n act + 21 RPM ) ORb) Turbine Trip ( nr = n act - 120 RPM ). Simultaneously nr lim immediately equals to nrCondition (a) ensures certain speed controller O/P during emergency to keep machine in rolled condition along with some load.Condition (b) ensures negative speed controller O/P during Trip condition.LOAD CONTROLLER (L C) IN CONTROL CONDITIONS -a) Speed OR Pressure Controller not in action ANDb) Isolated Grid condition absent ANDc) Both Load Controller OFF and Schedule OFF absent (I.e, L C ON)LOAD CONTROLLER SCHEDULE OFF - L C can be made OFF if Speed controller is in action and hrnc > hr PC. Otherwise, with OFF command OFF lamp blinks - called Schedule OFFC .LOAD SET POINT GENERATION LOGICS1TSE ON AND NOT FAULTEDThis helps to keep stress effect for gradient control in service.2-- LOAD GRADIENT ONThis helps to keep manual gradient control in service3-- STOP POWER SET POINT CONTROL whena) TSE ON and Faulted ORb) Stop command from SGC ORc) Pr raised when Pressure controller is in action with CMC ON OR Limit pressure mode selected OR Boiler follow mode selectedIn above conditions Pr lim stops, I.e,Set point can not be increased.4-- FAST CALIBRATION whena) Pressure controller is in action ORb) Follow above (h v0) condition presentUnder this condition MW error (ep) is selected and Pr lim immediately equals to Actual load (P act) without any gradient .5 -- FREQUENCY INFLUENCE ONThis is made ON from ATRS panel to put EXTERNAL FREQUENCY EFFECT in service forloading / unloading w.r.t. 50 Hz ( with 2.5 % to 8 % Frequency Droop)6 TSE TEST RELEASE : TSE TEST (For checking healthiness of TSE Margins) can be done whena) TSE Influence is OFF ORb) Both Pr, Pr lim and hr, hr lim are balanced, I.e, Speed and Power set point controls are not in action.D .LOAD CONTROLLER LOGICSFOLLOW ABOVE ( h v0 ) --a) GCB closed and load < 10 % (station load) ORb) GCB open ORc) Load controller OFFAbsence of these conditions help Load controller output to track above Pressure controller output when Pressure controller is in service.FOLLOW LOW ( h vu ) - GCB CLOSED AND Speed controller in action.This helps Load controller output to track below Speed controller output.8 -- Either a) Initial pressure mode selected ORb) Turbine follow mode in action ORc) CMC Runback activeThis ensures Load controller output above pressure controller output9 -- Load controller OFFThis defeats transmission of Load Controller output to Transfer circuit.R & L - Raise & Lower command from UCB :nr - Speed Reference :nr limit - Delayed Speed Reference :NLC - No Load Correction (Ensures required Speed controller O/P for Rolling even when Speed reference n r matches n act.)n act - Actual Speed :hr nc - Speed Controller O/P with DROOP of + / - 10.0 V for nr lim ~ n act = 150 RPM ( GAIN = 22LOAD SET POINT GENERATION CIRCUIT1 - SET POINT FOLLOW UP when Automatic Grid Control or CMC In service(Other Raise / Lower commands get blocked)2 -- TSE ENABLING whenA) GCB is closed ANDB) Load controller (L C) not OFF ANDC) Fast calibration signal 6 absent ANDD) I) Load controller (L C) in controlOR ii) Pressure controller with initial pressure in actionOR iii) Turbine follow mode in serviceThis helps to bring manually adjusted gradient and stress effect in service.+/- 10 V gradient => +/- 25 MW / MIN for 200 MW unitsOR +/- 50 MW / MIN for 500 MW units.PRESSURE CONTROLLER CIRCUITEHC TRANSFER CIRCUITFGMO - BACKGROUNDn Unique frequency band of 49.0 Hz to 50.5 Hz, as specified by IEGCn Scheduling & dispatch by RLDCs/SLDCs is based on day ahead demand & availabilityn Frequency control by load-generation balance in every 15 mins time blockn Wide frequency variation during Grid disturbance, Unit outage, change in demand, etc.n No primary response by generators to maintain frequency under such system contingencyn Emergencies caused due to frequency control only through importing /cutting load by system operatornFGMO - GRID CODESn All generating units should have their speed governors in normal operation at all times to enable Grid frequency control by loading / unloadingn Droop characteristic for primary response should be within 3% to 6%n Each unit shall be capable of instantaneously picking up at least 5% extra load for a minimum of 5 mins (up to 105%MCR), during fall in frequencyn No dead bands and/or time delays shall be deliberately introducedn Facilities like load limiters, CMC, etc. shall not be used to suppress the normal governor actionIMPLEMENTATION OF FGMOIn line with clause Clause 1.6 of IEGC and CERC order dated 30-10-99, date of FGMO implementation, as decided by REBs are :-n Western Region - 19-05-03 ( ABT - 01-07-02 )n Southern Region - 01-08-03 ( ABT - 01-01-03 )n Northern Region - 01-10-03 ( ABT - 01-12-02 )n Nor-East Region - 22-12-03 ( ABT - 01-11-03 )n Eastern Region - 02-01-04 ( ABT - 01-04-03 )FGMO CHARACTERISTIC FOR KWU M/CMAJOR ISSUES WITH FGMO IN 2004&Oslash; Wide and frequent variation of freq.&Oslash; Perpetual oscillations in critical parameters due to Boiler response time&Oslash; M/C subjected to cyclic loading and fatigue stresses&Oslash; Frequent HP/LP Bypass valve operation&Oslash; Continuous manual interventions&Oslash; Self-defeating feature(Unloading when freq. improving towards 50 Hz)&Oslash; Conflict with ABT(Offsetting freq. correction)TRANSIENTS IN GOVERNING SYSTEMn FAILURE OF POWER PACKS OF CONTROLLER RACKS IN EHC PANELn POWER SUPPLY FAILURE IN ATRS PANELn SIGNAL ACQUISITION PROBLEMn FAILURE IN TURBINE SYSTEMn ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILUREn COMPONENT FAILURE IN GOVERNING RACKn OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY1 CONTROL RACK SUPPLY FAILUREn M/C is on EHC. Power supply fails in Load control/Pressure control / transfer circuit rack. Starting device becomes off automatically due to EHC fault.Observation: EHC output is minimum/zero and load minimum/ zero with EHC fault alarm. Machine on bar with ESV & IV open (Turbine not tripped).Action: Confirm HP/LP bypass opening, isolate EHC from governing rack and parallely adjust starting device position from UCB. Reduce boiler firing to restrict rise in boiler pressure.2) SUPPLY FAILURE IN ATRS PANEL(ATRS=Automatic Turbine Rolling & Synchronisation)n M/C is on EHC. Power supply fails in CCA panels only.Observation: All indication lamps in ATRS consoles will go off. EHC output and Load will become zero due loss of GCB close feedback. All ATRS drives will become inoperative.Action: Confirm HP/LP bypass opening , isolate EHC. Reduce boiler firing. Adjust starting device position from local. Normalize power supply in CCA panels at the earliest.3) SIGNAL ACQUISITION PROBLEMn Loss of speed signal occurs due to Hall Probe / card failure.Observation: Speed indication will become zero. M/C will be loaded through speed controller. Subsequently Pressure controller will come in service. AOP & JOP will take auto start & Barring Gear valve Will open on auto.Action: Isolate EHC and adjust Starting device position. If pressure oil pressure is normal, make SLC of AOP, JOP and Barring Gear vlv OFF and stop AOP, JOP and close Barring Gear vlv.4)FAILURE IN TURBINE SYSTEMn Loss of speed signal occurs due to breakage of MOP shaft.Observation: Speed indication and pressure oil pressure will come down. M/C will be loaded through speed controller and Pressure controller will come in service. Subsequently, AOP & JOP will take auto start &Barring Gear valve. will open on auto.Action: Safe shutdown of M/C is to be ensured.5) ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILUREn M/C is on EHC with Tracking on. Starting device becomes inoperative due to Electrical module trouble/motor failure/overload.Observation: During increase in boiler firing, Boiler pressure will increase due to load restriction by Starting device. EHC output will go to 100%.Action: Switch off the electrical module of Starting device and increase Starting device position from local so that EHC can take control.6) FAILURE IN GOVRRNING RACKn EHC Plunger coil failuren EHC Pilot valve bearing failureObservation: EHC starts huntingAction: Isolate EHC and take Hydraulic mode in service. Replace the failed omponent. Governing characteristic checking should be done before EHC is put in servicen Speeder Gear spring tension gets altered.Observation: M/C may get unloaded at frequency lower than recommended value.Action: Speeder Gear spring tension may be adjusted to increase the start of unloading.Testing for proper setting should be checked during suitable opportunity.LOGICSA SPEED CONTROLLER LOGICS1 Command for slow rate at nr > 2850 RPM to facilitate easy synchronisation2 TSE Influence ON, when min of all the upper stress margins comes into picture to control gradient of nr lim and hence, acceleration of Rolling speed. Upper stress margin = 30 deg C => 10.0 V => 600 RPM ~ (Acceleration < 108 RPM ~ causes dn / dt tripping)B LOAD SET POINT GENERATION LOGICS1 Stopping of nr lim whena) GCB open ANDb) n act is < nr lim by approx. 45 RPM.This restricts hr nc up to around 30 % during Rolling to avoid wide v/v opening.2 Stopping speed set point control when,a) n act > 2850 RPM ANDb) nr raised ( I.e, nr > nr lim) ANDc) I) TSE ON and faulted in GCB open conditionOR ii) Stop command from SGC in SGC ON condition.3 Tracking in synchronized condition ifa) Frequency within limit (adjustable, say 48.5 to 51.5 Hz.) ANDb) Load controller O/P , hr PC > hr nc ANDc) I) Load controller (L C) in controlOR ii)Pressure controller in action4 Set Point Follow Up (Fast Calibration) duringa) Tracking condition 5 ( nr = n act + 21 RPM ) ORb) Turbine Trip ( nr = n act - 120 RPM ). Simultaneously nr lim immediately equals to nrCondition (a) ensures certain speed controller O/P during emergency to keep machine in rolled condition along with some load.Condition (b) ensures negative speed controller O/P during Trip condition.LOAD CONTROLLER (L C) IN CONTROL CONDITIONS -a) Speed OR Pressure Controller not in action ANDb) Isolated Grid condition absent ANDc) Both Load Controller OFF and Schedule OFF absent (I.e, L C ON)LOAD CONTROLLER SCHEDULE OFF - L C can be made OFF if Speed controller is in action and hrnc > hr PC. Otherwise, with OFF command OFF lamp blinks - called Schedule OFFC .LOAD SET POINT GENERATION LOGICS1TSE ON AND NOT FAULTEDThis helps to keep stress effect for gradient control in service.2-- LOAD GRADIENT ONThis helps to keep manual gradient control in service3-- STOP POWER SET POINT CONTROL whena) TSE ON and Faulted ORb) Stop command from SGC ORc) Pr raised when Pressure controller is in action with CMC ON OR Limit pressure mode selected OR Boiler follow mode selectedIn above conditions Pr lim stops, I.e,Set point can not be increased.4-- FAST CALIBRATION whena) Pressure controller is in action ORb) Follow above (h v0) condition presentUnder this condition MW error (ep) is selected and Pr lim immediately equals to Actual load (P act) without any gradient .5 -- FREQUENCY INFLUENCE ONThis is made ON from ATRS panel to put EXTERNAL FREQUENCY EFFECT in service forloading / unloading w.r.t. 50 Hz ( with 2.5 % to 8 % Frequency Droop)6 TSE TEST RELEASE : TSE TEST (For checking healthiness of TSE Margins) can be done whena) TSE Influence is OFF ORb) Both Pr, Pr lim and hr, hr lim are balanced, I.e, Speed and Power set point controls are not in action.D .LOAD CONTROLLER LOGICSFOLLOW ABOVE ( h v0 ) --a) GCB closed and load < 10 % (station load) ORb) GCB open ORc) Load controller OFFAbsence of these conditions help Load controller output to track above Pressure controller output when Pressure controller is in service.FOLLOW LOW ( h vu ) - GCB CLOSED AND Speed controller in action.This helps Load controller output to track below Speed controller output.8 -- Either a) Initial pressure mode selected ORb) Turbine follow mode in action ORc) CMC Runback activeThis ensures Load controller output above pressure controller output9 -- Load controller OFFThis defeats transmission of Load Controller output to Transfer circuit.

Related questions

What famous Victorian engineer built the great western railway and the Clifton suspension bridge in Bristol?

Isambard Kingdom Brunel .


Who created the Victorian railways?

IK Brunel was largely responsible for the Great Western Railway....


When was Great Western Railway created?

Great Western Railway was created in 1833.


When was Western Pacific Railway created?

Western Pacific Railway was created in 1903.


When was Erie Western Railway created?

Erie Western Railway was created in 1977.


When was Western Railway of Alabama created?

Western Railway of Alabama was created in 1883.


When was Western Maryland Railway created?

Western Maryland Railway was created in 1909.


When was Gateway Western Railway created?

Gateway Western Railway was created in 1990.


When was Chesapeake Western Railway created?

Chesapeake Western Railway was created in 1901.


When was Western Kentucky Railway created?

Western Nevada Railroad was created in 1879.


What does gwr stand for in Victorian times?

In Victorian times, GWR stood for Great Western Railway. It was one of the major railway companies operating in the United Kingdom during that period. GWR played a significant role in the development of railway infrastructure and transportation in the country.


When was Grand Trunk Western Railway created?

Grand Trunk Western Railway was created in 1900.