The term "veterinary surgeon" should not be capitalized unless it is part of a specific title or name. For example, you would write "Dr. Smith, a veterinary surgeon," but "the veterinary surgeon will see you now." In general usage, common nouns like this are not capitalized.
To a veterinary surgeon.
Donald Sinclair - veterinary surgeon - was born in 1911.
Donald Sinclair - veterinary surgeon - died in 1995.
It depends on the usage of these words. If you are discussing veterinary technicians or veterinarians in general or using the words as descriptors (as in Dr. Lynn is a veterinarian), then they are not. If you are using the words as part of a title or credential such as "Lynn Woods, Registered Veterinary Technician" then they would be capitalized.
It is a Veterinary physician, or veterinary surgeon, or Vet for short.
Veterinary surgeon
This will depend upon where in the world you are. In North America, an equine surgeon would be a veterinarian who is board certified in equine (horse) surgery. Outside of North America, the term veterinary surgeon refers to any graduate of an accredited veterinary school and an equine veterinary surgeon would be an individual who primarily or exclusively cares for horses.
Capitalize surgeon only if it is part of a title.Examples:According to the Surgeon General, smoking is bad.The Head Surgeon on staff will be completing your operation.I'm going to college to become a surgeon.
They could be a veterinary surgeon: i.e. Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM)
Mark Evans, the TV presenter and veterinary surgeon, was born on December 24, 1965. He is best known for his work in animal welfare and television, particularly in programs related to veterinary science.
Veterinary surgeons typically aren't rated like human physicians or restaurants. If you need a veterinary surgeon, I suggest looking for a board-certified veterinary surgeon (ask about board certification credentials) who has specialized in the type of surgery your pet needs (large animal, equine, small animal soft tissue, small animal orthopedic, exotic pet).
Veterinaran, vet or animal doctor