To make it simple, Levodopa is the precursor of Dopamine and it's used to treat Parkinson's disease. (We don't directly use dopamine because dopamine can't cross our blood-brain-barrier, so, it won't be effective to be taken orally)
pyridoxine (vitamin B6) can decrease the effect of levodopa.
Levodopa itself is not well tolerated, which is why it is combined with carbidopa. Carbidopa decreases peripheral metabolism of levodopa, which allows for lower doses of levodopa and less-severe side effects.
Although levodopa can cross our BBB, but it will be decarboxylated to dopamine peripherally before reaching our CNS - only small amount of Levodopa will be left and available to pass our BBB.So, instead of giving levodopa in high dose (which can cause lots of side effects), we give levodopa with peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors (e.g. carbidopa, benserazide) which can inhibit decarboxylation of levodopa in GIT and peripheral tissues. (By combining levodopa and peripheral decarobxylase inhibitors, we will have less side effects too)
levodopa
Levodopa and carbidopa are given together to enhance the effectiveness of Parkinson's disease treatment. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, alleviating symptoms, but it can also be metabolized peripherally, leading to side effects. Carbidopa inhibits the enzyme that breaks down levodopa outside the brain, allowing more levodopa to reach the brain and reducing side effects like nausea and vomiting. This combination improves the overall efficacy of the therapy.
yes
levodopa
L-dopa
This may occur after five to 10 years or more of successful levodopa treatment.
Early on in PD, symptoms can be effectively treated with medication, especially levodopa and the dopamine agonists (drugs that act like levodopa).
Levodopa was discovered by the biochemist George Cotzias in the 1960s. He found that levodopa could effectively alleviate symptoms of Parkinson's disease by replenishing dopamine levels in the brain. This breakthrough significantly advanced the treatment of Parkinson's disease and has been widely used since then.
Bromocriptine (dopaminergic agonist drug) has longer duration of action than levodopa (dopamine precursor).