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A dugout was a trench that was dug and roofed over as a shelter for troops.
a trench
Trench / Bunker
Soldiers stayed in dug outs. They were dug out of the sides of the trenches,(hence the name) they went down to almost 10 feet sometimes. Usually they were where soldiers slept, waited, and took refuge from artillery/mortars. Some of them had gas curtains, but it was not uncommon to have a full dug out gassed because of the remnants of a gas raid on a soldier's clothes/boots. Which the gas curtain prevented from escaping.
Soldiers dug trenches to be below ground level. If they were shot at, the trench provided cover to hide in. Larger trenched areas were constructed to impede the progress of advancing vehicles, like troop carriers, trucks and early tanks. They were also ideal places to hide in and wait for the opposing army to arrive, and then ambush them from a protected place, while the enemy had no cover to hide in.