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cont'd..The Emancipation Proclamation (1863) freed slaves ONLY in Conferderate States as a tactical war move against the South. It was not until the 13th Amendment (1865) freed slaves in all remaining states, giving the right to vote & hold office to MALES (excluding 'Indians & foreigners') The Union Army was not issued provisions, they were under the Confiscation Act (Butler) that granted them the right to take any provisions, property & goods from any Confederate or Confederate holding and to make sure that nothing would be left for the Confederates to use...EVERYTHING. So, you have 8 Million people in the South, w/383,000 (give or take) that are actual slave owners. That leaves over 7 and a half million people who lost crops, property,livestock, money, family,etc. to an invading army. Union armies literally burned & ravaged the southern states. After the surrender, Martial Law was imposed in states of Louisiana, Mississippi & others- military gov't was imposed & carpetbaggers flocked in. Confederates were not allowed to vote, hold certain jobs, hold property & many imprisoned. Citizens treatment was callous. After Lincoln's murder, the haphazard Reconstruction, promised to the South was abandoned, leaving the states in economic ruin with infrastructure in tatters and an disasterous upheaval in society that has contributed to the lasting effects on these states & their citizens

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