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During the siege of Caffa in 1346, the Mongol forces, led by General Janibeg, besieged the city, aiming to capture it from the Genoese. To undermine the city's defenses, they employed a strategy of biological warfare by catapulting plague-infested bodies over the walls, which contributed to the outbreak of the Black Death. The siege lasted for several months, ultimately leading to the Genoese retreating and the Mongols taking control of the city. This event is often linked to the spread of the plague into Europe.

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