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One of the big advantages of the South was a strong cavalry tradition.

The volunteers who flocked to join the Confederate armies were natural riders and shooters, and some of their leaders - Wheeler, Stuart, Early, Forrest - are names that are still full of legend.

It took the North at least two years to recruit and train a good cavalry. The first Union cavalry operation of any note was the Grierson Raid in spring 1863. Grant was stranded on the West bank of the Mississippi, and needed to cross the river to reach a point from which he could attack the port of Vicksburg. In order to distract the attention of the garrison commander (Pemberton), Grant ordered Colonel Benjamin Grierson to launch a raid down through the whole length of the state of Mississippi and into Louisiana. This was a total success, bewildering Pemberton, enabling Grant to make his crossing, at almost nil cost in casualties.

Curiously, Grierson was not an experienced cavalryman, nor a natural candidate for mounted operations at all - he was a music teacher who was frightened of horses!

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