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Ramses II was a great military commander like his father, a warrior king who waged successful wars against Libya and Nubia and the Hittites. The Hittites were an Indo-European people who entered Mesopotamia and destroyed the Babylonian empire. The capital of the Hittite kingdom was Hattusha, now in modern Turkey. The Hittites fought Egypt for control of North Syria. The greatest achievement of Ramses was the capture of the Syrian city of Kadesh in July 1274 BC from the Hittites, which had been lost during the chaotic reign of the Heretic King Akhenaten. Scenes from this famous Battle of Kadesh, in which over 5,000 chariots were involved, are depicted in the Rock Temple of Ramses at Abu Simbel. Ramses eventually established a treaty with the Hittite Empire, although it took some years to take effect.

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