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An ICBM, or an intercontinental ballistic missile is what most news media, historians, and military officials refer to when they say "nuclear missile".

The short answer is that the Soviet Union was the first to begin the tests for nuclear missiles (faster than the U.S. by around 26 days), but an actual working nuclear missile model was developed and deployed by the two countries around the same time: 1959.

To put it simply, both the United States and the Soviet Union were tied in the race to make the first working nuclear missile.

Now, Soviet Union's prototype missile, known as 8K71, was tested on May 15, 1957, while the United States tested its own (the SM-65A Atlas) on June 11, 1957. But by this point the time difference doesn't matter, because both countries knew about each others' plans for nuclear missiles and were actively spying one another, so being the first to make one didn't give anyone an advantage. Also, both countries quickly retired their first nuclear missile models because they rushed the project and ended up with many flaws.

As for the finished products, the Soviet Union's first working ICBM was the R-7 Semyorka, while the United States' first ICBM was the SM-65D Atlas.

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