If an observer in Pennsylvania measures the altitude of Polaris to be 40 degrees, they could be approximately 40 degrees north of the equator, which would imply a latitude close to 40 degrees north. This is because the altitude of Polaris above the horizon is equal to the observer's latitude in the Northern Hemisphere.
23.5
Plattesburg;)
The altitude of an object in the sky is the angular distance of the object above the observer's horizon. It is measured in degrees or radians from the horizon to the object.
Jamestown
Jamestown
How high the sun is in the sky. The angle between the horizon and the sun. When the sun is directly overhead (eg, at the equator) the solar altitude is 90°. In Canberra in winter, the solar altitude is 30°.
If the altitude of Polaris is 43 degrees above the northern horizon, then the observer is located somewhere within roughly 1/2 degree of 43 degrees north latitude.
The altitude of aircraft is measured above the ground, not above the horizon, and it's a distance. The altitude of the sun is not measured above the ground, and it's not a distance. If it were, it would always be some number near 93 million miles. The altitude of the sun is the angle that an observer sees between his horizon and the sun, and it's different for different observers in different places.
At the Equator.
The altitude of polaris for an observer is always the same as your latitude so it would be 64oN
Actually, altitude is the height of an object above a specific reference point, usually the observer's horizon. It is measured in degrees, with 0 degrees being right on the horizon and 90 degrees directly overhead.