In NO₂ (nitrogen dioxide), the bond lengths between nitrogen and oxygen are typically shorter than a single bond due to the presence of resonance structures that create partial double bond character. In NO₂⁻ (the nitrite ion), the additional electron contributes to resonance, which also leads to bond lengths that are shorter than a typical N−O single bond. Therefore, the bond lengths in NO₂ and NO₂⁻ are expected to be shorter than the N−O single bond, with NO₂ likely having slightly shorter bonds due to greater double bond character compared to NO₂⁻.
In the formate ion (HCOO⁻), the C-O bond lengths are expected to be longer than those in carbon dioxide (CO2). This is due to the resonance structures in formate, which create a distribution of electron density and results in single bond character, while CO2 has two double bonds that are shorter and stronger. Consequently, the presence of a single bond in formate contributes to a longer C-O bond length compared to the double bonds in CO2.
In reality, benzene does not contain alternating single and double bonds. It is more accurate to say that each carbon-carbon bond is in an intermediate state between a single and a double bond. Benzene therefore displays a property known as resonance.
Because in benzene molecule the pi electrons are delocalized (continuously changing their position within the hexagonal ring), so there are no fixed single and double bonds but are in mid of single and double bond character.
In molecules that exhibit resonance, single and double bonds can interchange due to the delocalization of electrons. This means that the actual structure of the molecule is a hybrid of multiple resonance forms, where the positions of the double bonds and lone pairs can shift. As a result, the bond lengths and strengths can average out, leading to characteristics that are intermediate between single and double bonds. This delocalization contributes to the stability and reactivity of the molecule.
There are single bonds.There are three bonds.
Glucose has single bonds between its carbon atoms.
(NO3)- has three single bonds.
There are 4 single bonds in CH3Cl: 3 C-H single bonds and 1 C-Cl single bond.
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1- four single bonds, 2- two single and one double bond, 3- one single and one triple bond, 4- two double bonds.
There are two single bonds in AsF2. Each single bond is formed between arsenic (As) and one of the fluorine (F) atoms.