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Yes, diodes are very polarity sensitive. They conduct in one direction, the forward bias state, where the anode is more positive than the cathode, and they do not conduct in the other direction, the reverse bias state, where the cathode is more positive than the anode. (Assuming you do not exceed forward current or reverse voltage limits.) This is how diodes "rectify", i.e. convert from AC to DC.

This is for normal diodes. Zener diodes are different. They conduct in both directions, but at different voltages. The forward voltage is similar to a normal diode, typically around 0.6V to 1.4V, while the reverse voltage is higher, such as 5.6V, which is how a zener diode can be used in a voltage regulator circuit.

If, however, when you say "polarised", you mean the action of "polarising" an automobile's electrical system, do not even think about it. That technique is no longer necessary since the advent of the alternator. Besides, that technique involves shorting out the battery, which has always been a highly dangerous operation.

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