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The answer is either. Computer networking is a very broad category encompassing an astonishingly wide range of communication technologies. When Voyager made it's last transmission from the depths of space to earth, this could be considered computer networking (albeit with rather high latency) in that two computers were involved, one on each end of the signal and that one or more protocols understood by both computers were used.

Today, whether using WiFi, a LAN, a MAN or WAN etc. and whether the computers are connected by buried Fiber Optic cable or communicate via directional microwave antennas or any other electronic methodology, the basic technique (not the technology) is the same. Two computers must be able to communicate with each other in order to network. This communication MAY be serial or it MAY be parallel. Most frequently it is serial today.

Consider that a fiber optic cable can be in only one state at a time, either dark or illuminated (0 or 1). This communication is necessarily serial, but the high speed of light and the frequency at which switching from dark to lighted states is possible makes it incredibly fast. Likewise, if two fiber optic cables were used, connected to the same NICs (Network Interface Cards) theoretically, it would be possible to support parallel fiber optic communication directly from PC to PC. [JMH]

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Q: Computer networking is parallel communication or serial communication?
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