By observing the comet in different times and positions, and figuring out a "best fit" of the orbit.
All orbits are ellipses. Some orbits, like the orbit of the Earth around the Sun, are almost (but not quite) circular. Other objects, like the Moon or Mars, have orbits that are more distinctly oval shaped.Comets have elliptical orbits with very high eccentricity; they are stretched so that they come quite close to the Sun, but still go dozens or hundreds of AU away. Some comets are less severely eccentric. Halley's Comet, for example, only goes out to about 30AU with a period of 76 years, while Comet Hale-Bopp has a period of closer to 2200 years.
Halley was interested in stars and in gravity. He calculated the orbits of comets. He also published a paper on the age people lived to have actuary tables for insurance.
Short period comets are thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt, outside the orbit of Neptune.Long period comets originate in the Oort Cloud, which is far more distant, about half way to the nearest star!Comets, as with any astronomical body, can have its orbit perturbed (changed) by external gravitational forces. Long period comets can become short period and vice versa. The orbits can range from a few tens of years to many thousands, some can even escape altogether.
Comets
Our current theory of the formation of our solar system is that the planets formed more or less in their present orbits. We do not believe that the planets (with the exception of Pluto) were "captured" by the Sun's gravity.
Comets travel in highly elliptical orbits. See link for more.
Comets. Periodic comets have highly eccentric elliptical orbits, with eccentricities.
Comets are balls of ice and dust in orbit around the Sun. The orbits of comets are different from those of planets - they are elliptical. A comet's orbit takes it very close to the Sun and then far away again.
Most meteor showers are associated with the orbits of comets. When Earth passes through the debris left behind by a comet as it orbits the sun, the particles collide with Earth's atmosphere, creating the streaks of light known as meteors.
no.....
All orbits are geodesic curves. Comets tend to have elliptical orbits ... as do planets, really; the degree of eccentricity (this is a measure of how "stretched" the ellipse is) just tends to be higher for comets.
elongated elliptical orbits around the sun
We generally believe that comets with orbits of 200 years or less, traveling in the ecliptic plane, come from the Kuiper Belt. Those comets with longer orbits, or that travel at angles to the ecliptic plane, come from the Oort Cloud.
Comets go around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
Comets typically have elliptical orbits, which means their paths around the Sun are elongated and not perfectly circular. This is due to the gravitational influence of other celestial bodies, causing their orbits to be more elongated.
No. Comets are much smaller than planets, are irregular in shape, and have highly eccentric orbits.
yes yes Yes, comets and asteroids usually follow elliptical orbit.