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After the New World was discovered in 1492, Spanish conquistadors rushed to explore and colonize all these lands for the Spanish Crown. By 1550 most of Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and South America were conquered by conquistadors such as Hernan Cortes, Francisco Pizarro and Hernando de Soto. The most dramatic impact is the swift depopulation of the Americas due to European-brought disease, such as smallpox. The surviving populations were eventually mowed down by encroaching European colonists.

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