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At the management level it was very different. HBC was a large company with a headquarters overseas and a large bureaucratic organisation that put limits and rules on the trading. For example HBC trading centres were often required to stock food for the local population to cover periods of starvation. They had restrictions on the use of alcohol in trades, and fixed prices for many items at various times.

The HBC early business model was a simple one. Build trading forts along the coast of Hudson Bay and have Aboriginals (Indians) bring furs to the coast to be loaded unto supply ships going back to England. This left the Aboriginals to lead a traditional lifestyle with the advanced technology they could choose to trade for and helped establish their claim to the land. For the HBC it was a low cost model that ensured high profits.

The Northwest Company was created by Canadians to take advantage of the fact that HBC wanted to trade from the coast and keep profits high. This was done by using overland trade routes to intercept Aboriginals before they would take furs to the coast. The NWC was, at first, run by few people, and trading occurred via individuals who were free to use any trading method they choose. That of course included the use of alcohol, fraud and sometimes violence to get the furs at the lowest possible price.

There are records showing that such early tactics were counterproductive. In some areas aboriginals would hide when Voyageurs would be spotted which was not good for business. Eventually the NWC improved it's methods and became very effective at overland trading and cutting into HBC profits.

HBC responded by building inland forts and setting up trade routes leading back to York Factory in Hudson Bay and eventually the Western and Northern coasts of North America. Many deep inland forts later became towns and are today major Canadian cities.

The overland trading of the Voyageurs brought Europeans deep into Ruperts Land and the Northwest Territories and increasingly into conflict with locals. Treaties and agreements did little to staunch the tide of Voyageurs, traders, explorers, and eventually settlers and colonisation by Canada.

The different trading methods were key in creating the country of Canada we know today.

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