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Strangely, both heating and cooling are required in spacecraft: radiant heat is constantly being lost to the cold of space, while the radiation from the Sun will rapidly heat any object in orbit around the Earth or Sun.

Spacecraft use both passive and active temperature controls. Reflective materials and coatings prevent the buildup of heat from the Sun. Active systems remove heat from the sunward side and use it to warm the interior. For astronauts outside a spacecraft, excess body heat has to be removed from their cramped spacesuits, while the suit exteriors insulate them from both the Sun's rays and the frigid cold of space.

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