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During the start and ascent astronauts wear appropriate suits, that also have been made for radiation protection.

On the ISS experiments have been made with dummies in various astronaut suits placed all over station (even outside) and equipped with radiation measuring devices. This was done during the 1990's already (code word: "Matroshka", you will find details in the internet using that word).

On-board and during spacewalks (EVA's) astronauts wear dosimeters that are regularly checked and harmful amounts of radiation never have been found so far. As for now, even a flight to Mars and back (assumed duration: 500 days) would not constitute a radiation risk to the crew.

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