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Belgium gained independence in the 1830s, and in 1839 this was also guaranteed by Britain, France and Prussia (later Germany). In 1815-30 Belgium was part of the Netherlands (Holland). Before that it was part of the French Empire. From 1713-1792 it was under Austrian rule. For several centuries before that it was ruled by Spain. (Until 1568 the Netherlands as a whole were under Spanish rule. In 1568 the northern provinces, which were Reformed (Calvinist), rose in rebellion against Spanish rule, which tried to suppress Protestantism. They set about this with appalling brutality). If one goes back to the Middle Ages, one finds that what is now Belgium was a key part of the new vanished kingdom of Burgundy. Since the late Middle Ages Belgium has been fought over because of its strategic position and its prosperity. Joncey

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Q: How long has Belgium been a country?
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