the results are the same regardless of the gas
The Anode (+) is what you connect the positive voltage to The Cathode (-) is what you connect the negative voltage to.
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It doesn't.
How do developments in India compare with the ones in China and Rome during years 200 BCE - 200 CE
JJ Thompson passed an electric current through a gas at low pressure from the negative terminal to the positive terminal then decided that the ration is always the same regardless the gas used.
Chlorine is smaller in size as compare to Bromine so its electronegativity or electrons attracting ability is higher which is responsible for the loss of electrons from other atoms hence it is strong oxidizing agent.
the plane of polarization matches the vibrational direction of the electrons
The Anode (+) is what you connect the positive voltage to The Cathode (-) is what you connect the negative voltage to.
Compare the electronegativity of calcium to the electronegativity of chlorine. Find the number of electrons each will give up / accept. Balance the two. Calcium easily gives up two electrons. Chlorine easily accepts one electron.
Valves, or vacuum tubes, were large, generated tremendous heat, and were prone to failure.Vacuum tubes worked much like transistors, but required a filament to heat the cathode so that electrons could flow through the plate when there were the proper grid voltages for that. If the cathode heater burned out, the cathode would not work, and the tube would need to be replaced. Comparing to a PNP or NPN transistor, the cathode would be equivalent to the emitter, the plate would compare to the base, and the grid would computer to the collector. Comparing to an FET, the cathode would be the source, the grid would compare the the gate, and the plate would compare to the drain.
Cl-37 : 17 protons , 20 neutrons , 17 electrons Compare with Cl-35 ; 17 protons , 18 neutrons, 17 electrons. These are two different and common isotopes of chlorine. Remember 'Different isotopes have a different number of neutrons'. Chemically they react the same.
Bromine's atomic radii is larger than that of chlorine.
The energy is higher.
The energy is higher.
The energy of the valence electrons is greater than the energy of the core electrons.
The energy of the valence electrons is greater than the energy of the core electrons.