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Ur was a Sumer city before the Chaldeans took it. Then came changes to the reigns like the names Sumer, Assyria, Akkadian Empire and then Babylonia. The land was the same and in Hammurabi's rule, he kept build cities and protecting them.

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Who created the Babylonian Empire in 1787 B.C. by conquering cities in Sumer?

Hammurabi?


How much time passed between the rise of city states in Sumer and Hammurabi's rule over Babylon?

We are talking of 2000 years. First it was the Sumerians then the Caldhenians and the Babylonians. Hammurabi was the sixth king of Babylon.


What was larger Sumer or Hammurabi's Empire?

That is not the way historians see it. After conquering all the Sumerian city-states, Sargon I united them with Akkad, and created the world's first empire. Sargon II did the rest. Babylonia was the capital city and it emerged as a major power when Hammurabi created an empire out of the territories of the former Akkadian Empire.


Why did Hammurabi think his empire needed a code of law?

To bring justice and peace to his people.In Hammurabi's own words on the tablet: "[the gods} Anu and Bel Marduk called by name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared Marduk, the patron god of Babylon, to bring about the rule in the land." Hammurabi himself doesn't get more specific than that. But it figures that apart from divine inspiration, Hammurabi must have decided that one code of law for his whole kingdom would strenghten its unity and raise his own prestige very considerably. Which it did, by all accounts.


What did the babylonias do?

They conquered the cities of Sumer, united them, and created Babylonia. The king of Babylonia (Hammurabi) conquered land all the way to Turkey (in his time, Turkey was known as Asia Minor). Because of Babylon's location, caravans, or groups of travelers, kept on traveling to and from cities of Sumer. People bought supplies, such as cotton cloth and spices, from bazaars, or markets. Hammurabi also conquered the city of Mari, and took all their chariots, weapons, and tools. Babylonia invented the pottery wheel, basic math, agriculture, sculpture making, and were the first to begin studying astronomy.