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There had been no investment during the war and parts the country had been badly damaged during the liberation of France. In particular, the transport network needed urgent attention. Initially, the currency was devalued by 50% (!) against the pound, but further devaluations proved inevitable. In short, France was in a mess. Moreover, it had a large Communist Party which caused considerable civil unrest in the spring of 1947. Politically, France was unstable, and until 1958 it was common for the adminstration to change every few months. The problem was made worse by the desperate wars intended to keep Vietnam and Algeria under French rule. Conditions changed when Charles de Gaulle became president in 1958 and the constiution was changed in such a way as to strenghten the powers of the president. In an amazing speech in May 1958 he told the French to obey (!) him - an order that produced several minutes of delirious applause.

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19y ago

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