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New Zealand's natural botany was derived from the old Gondwana supercontinent. Essentally all the trees are evergreen, broadleaf and conifer alike, with only a couple of exceptions. There is a vigorous fern assembly of about 200 species, with the tree ferns attaining up to 10m height, and with individual fronds up to 4m long.

In addition to the Gondwana species, there are a few palms, mangroves and lianes which have tropical associations, when old land bridges may have existed, or which arrived on ocean currents.

Among the herbs and lower forms are a most handsome edelweiss, and a giant Ranunculus. Most of the herb flowers are pale, indeed there are less than 20 species which could be described as showy.

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