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The Mi'kmaq First Nations people had occupied Prince Edward Island for thousands of years before Jacques Cartier "discovered" the island and landed on it in 1534. It was named "Île Saint-Jean" by Samuel de Champlain in 1603.

Prince Edward Island was at one time part of New France. The first permanent French settlement was in 1719. It would have been part of the French province of Acadia and does not appear to have had a separate administration.

France ceded Île Saint-Jean to Britain in the Treaty of Paris (1763) and it continued to be known as St. John's Island. It was annexed to Nova Scotia in 1763, but became a separate colony in 1769 with Walter Patterson as its first British governor.

On November 29, 1798, Great Britain changed the colony's name from St. John's Island to "Prince Edward Island," after the fourth son of King George III, Prince Edward Augustus, the Duke of Kent, who was the father of Queen Victoria.

Prince Edward Island joined Confederation on July 1, 1873.

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