Some galaxies are named for the constellations they are in, like Andromeda. Some are named for a shape that they might, perhaps, resemble; the "Sombrero Galaxy", for example. More are not named as such, but are referred to by their Messier Catalog number.
Charles Messier was a French comet hunter; comets were all he really cared about. He built a very nice observatory to find comets, but kept finding these cloudy-looking, vaguely comet-like things that weren't comets. So he devised a catalog of these "Messier objects", things that looked a little like comets but were not.
Many of his "Messier objects" turned out to be galaxies, and we refer to them by number; for example the Andromeda Galaxy is M87.
A planet or a star gets its name from the person that discovered it. Normally these days the name is submitted to a committee that approves the name or not but in older days whoever discovered it got to name it. Today there are thousand of stars with no names just an numeric value . You can pay to have the star named however you want.
Depending on how they look. If they are a spiral galaxy or what time of galaxy are they?
Elliptical galaxies are large blob shaped galaxies that most galaxies will eventually look like. Elliptical galaxies are what happens when two or more large galaxies collide and coalesce.
They are simply called "galaxies which are part of a cluster".
While spiral galaxies are bright, elliptical galaxies are dim. Spiral galaxies are hotbeds of star formation, but elliptical galaxies aren't nearly as prolific because they contain less gas and dust, which means fewer new (and brighter) stars are born
spiral galaxies elliptical galaxies and irregular galaxies
At the center of a large cluster, you'll usually find large and massive galaxies.
To the best knowledge, there are an infinite number of galaxies, which means they don't have names!
Elliptical, Irregular, and Spiral
Yes. See related question.
M87 is one of the most prominent galaxies followed by the elliptical galaxy Messier 49.
There aren't really any other names for a galaxy that I can think of, but there are galaxy classifications, such as spiral galaxies (that can rotate either clockwise or counter-clockwise), elliptical galaxies, and irregular galaxies.
Canis Major Dwarf and Small Magellanic Cloud are irregular satellite galaxies of the Milky Way.The two irregular galaxies that orbit the Milky Way are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.
The Black Eye galaxy. Bode's galaxy.
It means it's the numbering from the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, by Halton Arp.
There are approximately 100,000,000,000 galaxies in the visible Universe. To name them all, at one a second would take about 3,169 years. So I won't bother. See related question for some of them.
Andromeda, Milky Way These are galaxies ^ Orion Nebula Eagle Nebula
We know the names of lots of galaxies--that is, the names we give them. I'm sure you're most familiar with the Milky Way Galaxy. You are here. Other well-known galaxies include the Andromeda Galaxy, which is our next-galaxy neighbor, and the Sombrero Galaxy, which resembles a sombrero.
Milky Way Galaxy (ours)Andromeda galaxy.Pinwheel GalaxySunflower GalaxyWhirlpool GalaxyTriangulum Galaxy