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Who acts as chairman of public accounts committee?
The Speaker Of Lok Sabha
What factor do determinist's believe?
The philosophical doctrine that every state of affairs including human events, acts, and decisisions are inevitable consequences of antecedent states of affairs
How many Acts are there in India?
near 1200 Acts
What where three moments in the early 1800'S when federal authority clashed with state authority?
From 1800 to 1865 there was tension between state governments and the U.S. federal government. Three key moments were the War of 1812, the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and the Nullification Acts of 1832.
How many acts are Shakespeare's plays divided into?
shakespeare usually had plays of 5 acts each with 5 scenes
Who acts as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?
Vice President of India acts as the Ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
Which agency acts as a coordinator between union government planning commission and state governments?
national development council
Who acts as chairman of public accounts committee?
The Speaker Of Lok Sabha
Do townships have mayors?
In the State of Ohio, Townships do not have mayors, rather they have a 3 member Board of Trustees who are elected officials. One board member acts as chairperson of the board. In Ohio mayors are usually on the level of village and/or municipal entities.
What name is given to the person who controls the upper house and acts as a chairman for debate?
the speaker
What is the use of a dagger board?
A Dagger Board is a small removable board that acts as a Keel on a small sailboat.
Who acts a chairman of the senate if the vice-president for some reason cannot be present?
the senate pro tem.
Who acts as chairman of the senate if the Vice-President for some reasons cannot be present?
senate pro tem
Who makes decisions in the county legislative level?
Commonly, the "president of the municipal council" is the "head" of the legislative branch at the local level. Although there is generally a leader of the municipal council, such leader is not the same as the head of the executive branch such as a mayor. Usually, the "head" of the local council simply acts as a type of chairman of the board. The person is in charge of the orderly conduct of the meeting but usually has no extra vote or voting powers over and above other members of the council. The title of the leader of the governing body will vary from state to state and municipality to municipality. the Mayor
Human rights Planning machinery at state level?
Hi... This is sri aarthi...doing final year MSW...Here answer for your question... Planning Machinery at the State Level State Plans account for substantial part of the total outlay of the Government under the Five Year Plans. These plans relate to important development functions in the field of agriculture, cooperation, irrigation, power, road transport, education, social services, etc. In the fields which come closer to the welfare measures, fulfillment of important national goals depends directly to the successful implementation of the State Plans. For these reasons, a great deal of value both in Planning and implementation is attached to the State Plans. It has already been mentioned that the national plan is formulated in close cooperation and consultation with the State Governments. The final plan incorporates the State Plans also. Since the State Plans have to be incorporated in the National Plan the need for effective planning machinery at the State level has been felt for the long time. No much information is available about the details of the States Planning Machinery in the textbooks as well as in the National Plan Documents. However, we will study here some of the efforts that have been made in strengthening the planning machinery at the state level. A. Efforts of Government of India From the very beginning the government of India has been exhorting the State Governments to set up adequate planning machinery at the State level. Since no response was coming from the State Governments, the Government of India collected whatever information was available in the State planning machinery in 1972 and accumulated certain guidelines for strengthening it. They found that the existing planning organization available with the State Governments is unable to fulfill the various tasks connected with the formulation of the Fifth Five Year Plan which was in the process at that time. In a significant communication addressed to all the State Governments in May 1972, the Planning Commission stressed the need to set up a two level organization for formulating State Plans and watching their implementation. A description of these two levels is given below: a) Apex level The essential features of the organization at the Apex level as suggested by the Government of India were: i) The Apex Body at the State level should be set up under the Chairmanship of the Chief Minster. The Finance Minister and a couple of other important Ministers should also be made members. This would ensure that the decisions arrived at by the Central Commission will command the respect of the plan as well as its implementation. However, the number of Ministers should not be too large, otherwise the planning body would be overshadowed by the Government functionaries and lose its expert character. ii) Apart from the few ministers mentioned above, the Apex body should have a few respected professional experts, in important fields like commerce and industry, agriculture, economics, public finance, administration etc. iii) The work of the Apex body should be supported by steering groups consisting of technical experts preferably from outside the Government in the fields of agriculture, industry, irrigation and power, social service, transport, manpower and employment and other important functional fields. iv) Since the Chief Minister is a very busy person who would not be able to attend all the meetings of the State Planning Board nor would he be able to associate with its day to day working, the Board should, therefore, have a full time non-official Deputy Chairman. The Deputy Chairman can operate through the State Planning Department which should provide the security to the Apex Planning Body. The department can maintain a liaison with the Planning Board on the one had and Ministries/Departments of the Government on the other. Being a non-official, the Deputy Chairman may also keep contact with other shades of public opinion like the legislators, opposition parties and other interested groups like Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Farmers Forums, Labour Organizations, etc. The Deputy Chairman has to function as the de facto Chairman of the Planning Board and has to provide the necessary guidance and leadership to it. He should be the moving spirit behind it. The Deputy Chairman should, therefore, be a person of high eminence in public affairs, if possible, with some previous experience or association in the planning process at the State or the National level. b) Supporting Services The present organization of the Planning Department consists of only the usual compliment of officers like the Secretary, Deputy Secretary, Under Secretary etc. They do not have any particular expertise - in any field. The Planning Department, as it is constituted, would, therefore not be in the position to provide effective Secretariat to the Apex Planning Board. For enabling the Planning Department to adequately discharge their secretarial functions for the apex Planning Boards, their strength should be suitably augmented with experts drawn from various disciplines. These experts will also have to be functionally reorganized into different units. It was suggested that the secretariat should have at least the following important units: (i) Perspective Planning Unit The main function of this unit will be to prepare and update the resources inventories and prepare the long term perspective plans. For this purpose, the unit will have to take the assistance of the existing statistical organizations. The main organization at the State level is the Directorate of Economic and Statistics. Besides a lot of information has to be gathered from other Government Departments like Agriculture, Directorate of Manpower planning, Irrigation, Commissioner Land Records etc. who are maintaining their own statistics. The perspective planning unit will have to develop their own detailed guidelines as to the form in which the data has to be complied on a continuous basis. Naturally, it will require experts who can provide the guidelines for data collection and analyze and interpret the data which becomes available from so many sources. (ii) Project Formulation Unit This unit will have to assist various departments in the preparation of the projects for investment. Most of the departments in the State Governments do not have the necessary expertise in project formulation. The collection and presentation of data and projection of the anticipated benefits over a period of time and analyzing it by the appraisal techniques like cost benefit analysis or calculation of internal rate of return etc. are still not very well known to a number of departments in the States. Often the State Governments are not unable to take advantage of the national and the international finances because of their inability to properly prepare project reports. In any case, the formulation and implementation of State Plan is almost impossible without a properly staffed project formulation and appraisal unit. (iii) Regional/District Planning Units the planning process in the country. The successive Five Year Plans have been emphasizing the need for initiating district level and block level planning. At the moment, the districts and the blocks do not have any worthwhile planning machinery. However, the block and districts plans will have to be incorporated in the State plans just as the State Plans were incorporated in the National Plans. But before this can be done, the district and the block plans will have to be prepared in a proper format. Even when proper district/block planning units are set up, they will need proper guidance to prepare their plans in a form which can be incorporated in the State Plans. This function will have to be performed by the regional/district planning unit, recommended to be set up in the secretariat of the planning department at the State level. The unit will require experts with experience in district/block planning. (iv) The Plan Coordination Unit The function of this unit would be: a) to assess the existing /anticipated level of development; b) to determine inter se priorities within the integrated strategy for the next five years or one year depending upon whether a five year plan or annual plan is being considered; c) to ascertain the availability of manpower and material resources and synthesis spatial and sectoral plans into a balanced and operational plan. (v) Monitoring and Evaluation Unit The weakest link in Indian Planning is the monitoring and evaluation. Any plan encounters a number of problems when it is put into execution. The progress of the plan is to be assessed from time to time mainly for two reasons: a) to find out whether the plan is progressing according to the anticipation of the planners. Any slackness on the part of any individual or the organization has to be set right. b) Any bottlenecks have to be identified so that corrective action can be devised while the plan is still in operation. To achieve this objective it is necessary to collect information on the various parameters which indicate the progress of the plan. The purpose of the unit is to design such information systems which will enable it to exercise the necessary supervision over the implementation process. This unit is also expected to pursue the various departments and ministries to send the progress reports according to the system designed by it. The evaluation is a much more complicated process which is meant to judge the impact of the particular programme on the socio-economic system of the State. It will require the help of experts who can devise the evaluation systems and conduct the field operation to access the impact of the programmes. The monitoring and evaluation unit is, therefore, a very important part of the planning machinery which provides it with the necessary feed-back to assess the progress of the implementation of the plan and its impact after such implementation. (vi) Manpower and Employment Unit Due to the growing populations, the country is facing a lot of problems in providing employment in urban as well as in the rural areas. It is therefore, necessary to have a very strong component about employment programmes in the Five Year Plans. To assess the extent of unemployment and to devise suitable employment programmes it is necessary to have a Manpower and Employment Unit at the State level. The functions of this unit would be: a) To collect available information and analyze it with a view to present the current situation and trends with regard to the demand, supply and utilization of different cadres of employees. b) To identify gaps in the information system and devise procedures for the improvement of the information system with regard to the manpower. c) To initiate studies and surveys in collaboration with the concerned departments, universities and research institutions. d) To judge requirements of different categories of manpower so that proper programmes can be formulated for matching the manpower with their requirements. e) To ensure that the programmes for sectoral and spatial development are drawn up keeping in view the problems, objectives and policies with regard to the augmentation and diversification of employment opportunities. B) Financial Assistance The Governments The Government of India felt that most of the State Governments do not realize the importance of setting up of planning machinery. Moreover, a suitable strengthening of the planning machinery at the State level will definitely require a good deal of expenditure. While such an expenditure is not much compared to the advantages which would accrue in proper formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the plans. Since the State Governments were not listening to the exhortations of the Government of India, the latter came forward with a scheme to provide financial assistance for setting up suitable planning machinery at the State level. While the Government of India gave detailed guidelines to the State Governments for setting up such a machinery, a great deal of flexibility was permitted to the States to adopt the general pattern to their conditions. The Government of India also agreed to finance the State Governments to the extent of two-thirds of additional expenditure incurred in the strengthening of the State Planning Machinery. This was done with a view to provide a financial inducement to the State Governments to adopt the recommended pattern which in any case will be found by them to be useful in plan formulation and implementation. It was expected that the State Government would latter themselves like to continue this arrangement. C) The Progress In spite of the efforts of the Government of India, the progress of strengthening the planning Machinery at the State level has not been very satisfactory. Detailed information on this aspect is not available in any books on Public Administration or in any Government Publication. The available information is analyzed below: (i) Setting up of the Board Almost all the State Governments have set up State Planning Boards. The position of the Board and its effectiveness in the planning process varies from State to State. The Boards of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, West Bengal etc. are said to be functioning rather effectively. The others are not so effective. (ii) Chairman In most of the States, the Chief Minister is the Chairman of the State Planning Board. (iii) Deputy Chairman In Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, Minister of Planning is either Vice-Chairman or Deputy Chairman. In Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Mehalaya, usually, an MLA is nominated as full time Deputy Chairman with the Status of a Minister. In other States, either some officer or a prominent non-official is made the Deputy Chairman. (iv) Members The number of members on the Planning Board varies very widely from State to State. For example, there are only two members in the Planning Boards of Assam whereas Uttar Pradesh Planning Board has as many as 24 members. Very few Boards have full time members. Most of the members are therefore working part time. (v) Secretary The usual pattern is that the Secretary of the Planning Department of the State acts also as the Secretary of the Planning Board. In some cases, e.g. Kerala and Tamil Nadu, there is a whole time Member-Secretary. In some States, Joint Secretary, Special Secretary or Deputy Secretary Planning is made the Secretary of the Planning Board.
When state acts as third party in performance of its role?
when state acts as third party in its role in industrial relations
What are the job responsibilities of deacons?
The responsibilities of a Deacon Board is to help the Pastor with his/her needs. They will usually need to do prayer in the services at church, and help with Communion. The Deacon Board has a lot of responsibility and the Pastor is usually very grateful that he has people to help him. The word deacon means servant, the original deacons, of the early church, helping with the needs of widows. See Acts 6:1-7.
