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The 1st known conception of artificial satellites came from the American Edward Everett Hale in a short story called "The Brick Moon" serialised in The Atlantic Monthly in 1869.

The Russian Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in 1903 published "The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices". He 1st proposed the use of rocketry to launch satellites into space. He even made an attempt to calculate the speed of orbit of an artificial satellite.

The Slovenian Herman Polocnik in 1928 1st proposed the idea of humans living in space stations in his publication "The Problem of Space Travel --- The Rocket Motor". He calculated the distance of geostationary orbits.

The idea of a network of communication satellites came famously from Arthur C Clark in an article called "Wireless World" in 1945.

Sputnik 1 started when Sergey Korolyov proposed the idea of artificial satelites orbiting earth to the then soviet defence minister Dmitriy Ustinov in 1954. 3 years later Sputnik was launched.

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