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History only goes back so far; humans didn't invent writing until about 4,000 years ago. So we can't be sure who were _first_ to establish trade routes through the Mediterranean Sea.

However, the first that we know of were the Phoenicians, a collection of sailing merchants who would go anywhere and buy and sell anything. The essence of "trade" or "business" is to buy things where they are plentiful and cheap, and then take them to somewhere where they are scarce and valuable. By about 1,500 BCE, the Phoenicians had been everywhere there was a sea or river between Jerusalem and London, and possibly as far north as Moscow.

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Q: Who invented the first trade routes throughout the Mediterranean?
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